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The history of TRP channels and bladder started in the 1980-ies with the studies of Maggi and collaborators, who created the basis for using capsaicin and other vanilloids in LUT disorders. This narrative review gives a brief history of bladder TRP channels, from their discovery, distribution, and function in the bladder to the rationale for and current status of the use of agents acting on them i

BACKGROUND: After over a decade of developments in field collection, laboratory methods and advances in high-throughput sequencing, contamination remains a key issue in ancient DNA research. Currently, human and microbial contaminant DNA still impose challenges on cost-effective sequencing and accurate interpretation of ancient DNA data.RESULTS: Here we investigate whether human contaminating DNA

This paper investigates the relationship between the experiences of mass vaccinations against two pandemic viruses: the swine flu in 2009–2010 and COVID-19 in the early 2020s. We show how distressing memories from the swine flu vaccination, which led to the rare but severe adverse effect of narcolepsy in approximately 500 children in Sweden, were triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The narcolepsy

Copper complexes supported by benzimidazole-based tetradentate neutral ligands featuring thio- and selenoether donors, resemble the coordination environment of the active site in copper dependent monooxygenases Dopamine-β-monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The cuprous complexes react with O2 at low temperature generating a reactive copper-oxygen species as

This article takes a cognitive approach to natural concepts. The aim is to introduce criteria that are evaluated with respect to how they support the cognitive economy of humans when using concepts in reasoning and communicating with them. I first present the theory of conceptual spaces as a tool for expressing the criteria. Then I introduce the central idea that natural concepts correspond to con

Incorporating the conceptual resources of the ontological argument for the existence of God into the underlying rationale of the cosmological ditto, I here present and defend a ‘cosmontological’ synthesis: an a posteriori argument for the existence of an all-perfect GOD: a being who, in virtue of being whatever it is better to be than not to be, is that than which a greater cannot be thought. Cent

This paper presents a hardware architecture for calculating the city-block and chessboard distance transform on binary images. It is based on applying multiple morphological erosions and adding the result, enabling both processing pixels in raster scan order and a deterministic execution time. Which distance metric to be calculated is determined by the shape of the structuring element, i.e. diamon

The proton beam of the Florida State University Tandem Van de Graaff Accelerator is being used to make quantitative determinations of the composition of particulate matter found in the atmosphere. Proton scattering using 16 MeV incident particle energy is employed to resolve the light elements (up to Cl), while elements Al and heavier are observed via proton induced X-ray emission analysis. In ord

An array of vibrating contactors on the fingertip can provide information about virtual objects during active exploration of a virtual environment – for example, information about contact area, edges, corners and surface texture. For the operation of such a device, it is necessary to generate in real time an individually specified drive waveform for each contactor of the stimulator array. To reduc