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We here demonstrate the presence of a plasma membrane-associated phospholipase A(2) (EC 3.1.1.4; PLA(2)) activity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. The pH profile of the spinach plasma membrane PLA(2) activity revealed two peaks, one at pH 4.4 and one at pH 5.5. The activity at pH 5.5 had an absolute requirement of Ca2+, with full enzyme activity at 10mumol/L Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent PLA(2) a

During the last decades the evolution of information technology and the increasing ability to access information have been discussed in many ways. In the beginning the focus was on the technology but now the discussion is more and more about the use of information and how to develop knowledge out of it. There is an ongoing discussion about the difference between knowledge and information. The subj

This paper examines the increasing use of bilateral investment treaties as instruments of foreign investment protection. The outcomes of treaty arbitrations are analysed to assess the extent to which treaties limit the economic policy choices available to host states. The disputes are also analysed to determine how such treaties may affect the development of legal institutions and the general appl

This paper surveys the recent literature on free trade and economic growth. While theory suggests many potential linkages, empirical evidence from cross-country and panel growth regressions remains inconclusive. Measures of single instruments of trade policy, such as the average tariff rate, are typically weak in explaining differences in growth but may underestimate the true level of protectionis

The Treaty provisions regulating the free movement of goods are articles 28 to 31 EEC (former articles 30 to 36). Article 28 prohibits Member States from discriminating, that is, favouring or in any other way putting its domestic products at an advantage against imported products unless the Member State can find just cause under article 30 (former article 36) for its practices. For a national meas

Vid fysisk planering genom upprättande och antagande av planer analyseras hur mark- och vattenområden ska användas i framtiden. Detaljnivå och rättslig status varierar mellan plantyperna, några är rättsligt bindande medan andra är vägledande. I Sverige är makten över markanvändningsplaneringen decentraliserad, kommunerna har huvudansvaret för planeringen. Genom länsstyrelsen bevakas statens intresPhysical planning by establishing and adopting plans enables analysis of future land and water use. The level of detail and legal status varies between the different types of plans; some are legally binding while others are guiding and non-binding. Land use planning in Sweden is decentralized and municipalities carry the main responsibility for planning. Matters of national interest are watched ov

This study examines the effects of automotive fuel taxes on technoloical innovation in the field of motor vehicle fuel efficiency. The analysis is conducted using patent data on a panel of OECD countries over the period 1978-2007. A complementary analysis is also conducted using the average level of CO2 emissions from newly registered passenger cars in EU countries over the period 2001-2007, so as

This study analyzes how Danish policies aiming at active labour market participation aggravate the social exclusion of non-western immigrants. The study points out the necessity of investigating the success of active labour market policies not only through focusing on reduction in the number of unemployed immigrants, but also whether they alleviate social exclusion as claimed by Danish authorities

Purpose: To identify important and crucial geographical establishment aspects for an entering in the Chinese market and propose an establishment suggestion for the company Tactel. Method: The establishment is viewed from three different perspectives: In general, high-tech and service perspective. This will create a comprehensive study that examines a wide range of aspects for the company Tactel. T

MKB Fastighets AB (MKB) is a municipally owned company in Malmö Stad with a well-established position on the housing market, meaning that MKB owns 22 238 rental apartments and 1000 commercial spaces which are 33% of the tenancy market in Malmö. Their business concept is to provide rental apartments to a wide range of people with different socio-economic conditions. According to Swedish law, the co