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A novel electrode array was developed based on the XNA on Gold(TM) microarray platform. The platform combines self-assembling monolayers, thick film patterning and streptavidin based immobilization to provide a robust, versatile platform capable of analysing virtually any biomolecule including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Electrochemical analysis of the self-assembling monola

The undamped natural vibrations of a constrained linear structure are given by the solutions to a generalized eigenvalue problem derived from the equations of motion for the constrained system involving Lagrangian multipliers. The eigenvalue problem derived is defined by the mass matrix of the unconstrained structure and a non-symmetric and singular stiffness matrix for the constrained system. The

Tardigrades are well known for their capacity to enter an anhydrobiotic state, and remain ametabolic for several years. Yet the evolutionary background, and the forces of natural selection that act on anhydrobiotic capacity have remained unexplored. In this paper, I review the basic problem of anhydrobiosis and the phenotypic traits that may be the main targets of natural selection for improved an

This study presents an editio princeps of an Arabic medical treatise attributed to the ninth century physician Qusta Ibn Luqa. The treatise is one of approximately fifty works on medicine attributed to Qusta. The edition is based on a unique manuscript preserved in codex Ayasofya 3724. The established text has been translated into English, commented upon and provided with indices of technical term

Objective: To evaluate existing models for the origin of meta- and synchronous urothelial carcinomas in light of the accumulated genetic data. Methods: Published studies on the clonal origin and genetic relationships of syn- and metachronous tumors, genetic aberrations in normal and premalignant urothelial lesions, as well as histologic and genetic mapping studies of cystectomized bladder samples

It has been proposed that propofol has antiemetic effects even in nonsedative doses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol influences vomiting induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine. Ten healthy male volunteers received apomorphine infusion (1 mg/min) until vomiting was induced on four different occasions in a randomized order: a) during propofol infusion (2.4 +/- 0.7 mg.k

The solvations of positively and negatively charged model ions in water droplets have been studied using Monte Carlo simulations performed with a polarizable intermolecular potential function model. Special focus has been placed on the position of the ion in the water droplet. It was found that the sign of the ionic charge is of minor importance but an increased ionic charge localizes the ion to t

Recently Havas and Vaughan-Lee proved that 4-Engel groups axe locally nilpotent. Their proof relies on the fact that a certain 4-Engel group T is nilpotent and this they prove using a computer and the Knuth-Bendix algorithm. In this paper we give a short handproof of the nilpotency of T.

This paper presents two 1.8 GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), tuned by an inversion-mode MOS varactor and an accumulation-mode MOS varactor, respectively. Both VCOs show a lower power consumption and a lower phase noise than a reference VCO tuned by a more commonly used diode varactor. The best overall performance is displayed by the accumulation-mode MOS varactor VCO. The VCOs were

Primary energy use, emission and the cost of whole energy system chains, from natural resource to end-User, were analysed, in a Swedish context,, hen heating detached houses. Both electricity-based systems employing heat Pumps. boilers. or resistance heaters. and local fuel-based systems (e.g. natural gas. oil and wood fuel) were considered. The base-load electricity was Produced in stand-alone po

Fog deposition in December 1992 and February 1993 (two periods of several days in which fog occurred) was monitored at the location Speulderbos in The Netherlands. Fog droplet deposition was measured with eddy correlation and samples of fog water were taken with a string collector. At the same time, throughfall deposition was measured and throughfall water was sampled. The occult (fog/cloud) depos

The dynamics of the C-terminus of the dUTPases from Escherichia coli and equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) were studied by 1H-15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two enzymes differ with regard to flexibility in the backbone of the 15 most C-terminal amino acid residues, some of which are conserved and essential for enzymic activity. In the bacterial enzyme, the residues closest t

BACKGROUND: Although age is associated with increasing blood pressure, there is a substantial heterogeneity within a certain birth cohort. Whether increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure is related to pulmonary function is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study blood pressure elevation between 55 and 68 years of age in relation to vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) a

Defocus changes the visual contrast sensitivity function, thereby creating a complex curve with local dips and peaks. Since underwater vision in humans is severely defocused, we used optical theory and the phenomenon of spurious resolution to predict how well humans can see in this environment. The values obtained correspond well with experimental measurements of underwater human acuity from earli