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Popular Abstract in Swedish Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) karaktäriseras av långsam celldöd i hjärnan och gradvis uppträder minskad rörlighet och muskelstelhet som mest framträdande symptom. PS drabbar ungefär 0.1% av befolkningen, och inträder oftast i femtio- till sextioårsåldern. Varför sjukdomen uppkommer är till stor del okänt, men man vet att de dopamin producerande cellerna i mitthjärnan (särskilParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits. Levodopa treatment provides marked symptomatic relief. However, within 5-10 years after the start of Levodopa treatment, most PD patients display a gradual loss of drug efficacy. Importantly, the neuropathology of PD is dominated by a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra.

The first modern Swedish checklist of fungus gnats of the families Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae is presented. The checklist results from a comprehensive literature research as well as treatment of a considerable determined and undetermined material from Swedish museum collections and recent material from several sources. To get better grounds for judg

Breast cancer is a truly heterogenous disease, reflected in the existence of a wide spectrum of phenotypic subsets of tumours with varying intrinsic aggressiveness as well as ability to respond to a given treatment. Recent advances in large-scale genomic and proteomic screening techniques have confirmed this heterogeneity also at a molecular level, but there is still a bottleneck to be overcome be

Popular Abstract in Swedish Jag har under min forskarutbildning vid Lunds tekniska högskola studerat proteiner med hjälp av en metod som kallas kärnmagnetisk resonans, NMR. I levande organismer regleras allt liv av tre typer av molekyler: DNA, RNA och proteiner. Den centrala dogmen i biokemi "DNA-RNA-Protein" innebär att den genetiska kod som ärvs i form av DNA och som finns i varje cell i kroppeThe general objective of the present thesis work was to examine 3-dimensional structure as well as the motional properties of two different types of two-domain proteins by solution-state NMR. One of the major tasks of this thesis work was to investigate the domain orientation of these molecules by employing residual dipolar couplings (RDC) which can be used as orientational restraints for increasi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Efterfrågan på shikimsyra, vilken återfinns i biosyntesvägen för bl.a. de aromatiska aminosyrorna tryptofan, fenylalanin och tyrosin, har under de senare åren ökat. Orsaken till detta är mestadels att den är råmatrial till antiinfluensamedicinen Tamiflu?. Den ökade efterfrågan har drivit fram nya tillverkningsmetoder såsom produktion via E.coli- fermentation. Även om ma

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactococcus lactis, are abundant in nature. These bacteria convert carbohydrates into mainly lactate by a rather uncomplicated metabolism. An improved understanding of the physiological and genetical mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation will improve the industrial use of LAB. The aim of this study was to investigate the maltose an

Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in man. P fimbriae are virulence factors of uro-pathogenic Escherichia coli. They are expressed by 70-90 % of acute pyelonephritis isolates and up to 100% of the most virulent isolates that cause bacteremia. This thesis concerns the interaction between P fimbriae and the urinary tract mucosa, and the host receptors involved in fimbrial recognit

Popular Abstract in English In our society powder is found to be a common state of material. Indeed, the powder state is found to be convenient to store and transport large quantities of material. One of the major techniques to produce powder is spray drying, also for thermally sensitive materials such as foods and pharmaceuticals. In spray drying a liquid is vaporized into a hot air stream, whichSpray drying is a preferred method to produce dry powder of thermally sensitive materials such as food and pharmaceuticals. Drying conditions and formulation determine primary properties such as morphology and composition that finally provide functionality such as dissolution, encapsulation and flowability. Even though spray drying is a well-established method to produce dry powder numerous challe

The dinuclear species [(trispicMeen)(ClFeOFeCl)-O-III-Cl-III(trispicMeen)]Cl(OH)(H2O)(7) (1) (trispicMeen = N,N,N'-tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N'-methylethane- 1,2-diamine) was synthesized. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 33.87(2) Angstrom, b = 17.42(2) Angstrom, c = 23.41(5) Angstrom, beta = 132.88(5)degrees, V = 10 121(25) Angstrom(3), and Z = 8. It contains an almost line

Popular Abstract in Swedish I hjärnan finns ett fantastiskt effektivt kontrollsystem för utförandet av olika typer av rörelser. Lillhjärnan är en viktig del av detta kontrollsystem eftersom skador på lillhjärnan kan leda till att fint styrda rörelser blir svårare eller kanske helt omöjliga att utföra. En förståelse av lillhjärnans funktion kan därför leda till en bättre generell förståelse av hur

Popular Abstract in Swedish På 70-talet upptäckte man att en grupp mikroorganismer, som man tidigare katalogiserat som bakterier, bildade en helt egen grupp. Dessa kallades ärkebakterier och fick senare namnet arkéer. Arkéer är små (ca 1 tusendels millimeter) encelliga organismer precis som bakterier, men de skiljer sig på många sätt från dem. Till exempel har de en kemiskt annorlunda uppbyggd cel

The isolation of male and female DNA is an important step in the analysis of sexual assault evidence. A vaginal swab with female epithelial cells and male sperm cells is obtained from the female, and it is vital to separate the male and female fractions in order to obtain a single-source DNA profile of the suspect. In the case of a low abundance of sperm cells, it is very important that no cells a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Helicobacter pylori och Chlamydia pneumoniae är två mycket vanliga smittämnen i den svenska befolkningen. De vanliga kliniska manifestationerna är magsår respektive luftvägsinfektioner. På senare tid har det också diskuterats huruvida de kan bana väg för sjukdomsmanifestationer även inom andra organsystem. I många fall har de studeras var för sig men betydligt mera sällHelicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae are common infectious agents in the Swedish population, causing gastritis ulcers and respiratory infections. The metabolic syndrome is characterised by overweight, insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Sera from a patient cohort (n=531) originally examined in 1987-89 were investigated for previous infection of H. pylori and C. pn

Popular Abstract in Swedish Basala ganglierna ligger under hjärnbarken i hjärnan och består av grupper av nervceller som är förbundna med varandra och med hjärnbarken. Till dessa grupper av nervceller hör striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamicus-kärnan och substantia nigra. Patologiska förändringar i olika delar av basala ganglierna orsakar många av de symptom som kännetecknar Huntington's och Par

The focus of the thesis is on selection and adaptation processes in bacteria with emphasis on denitrifying bacteria in groundwater. Other nitrogen transformation processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (nitrate ammonification) and nitrification of forest soil bacteria are briefly discussed. Intensive fertilisation of agricultural soils in southern Sweden have been performed

A hot potato: food and meals in families with small children and teenagers. Introduction, with aims and hypothesis The project ‘Konsumenters problemlösningar på livsmedelsmarknadens nya arenor. Matinspiration under tidspress’ [‘Consumers’ problem-solving/solution to the food market’s new arenas: food inspiration against the clock’] initially addressed the following issue: shopping for food and p

Popular Abstract in Swedish Polymerer är samlingsnamnet på långa molekylkedjor. Runt omkring oss i vårt dagliga liv är vi omgärdade av polymerer så som plaster, lim, fibrer och proteiner. Utvecklingen av många högteknologiska produkter är starkt beroende av polymera material. Grundläggande kunskaper om dem och deras egenskaper är därför viktigt. I ett batteri kan många fördelar erhållas då den koThere is a growing need for multifunctional polymeric materials for the development of several important energy conversion technologies. For example, the polymer electrolyte is a key component in lithium polymer batteries. The basic functions of this electrolyte are to efficiently conduct the lithium ions and physically separate the electrodes. Consequently, these electrolytes should ideally posse

This book is written by and for researchers who are still in that part of their careers where they are actively using the eye-tracker as a tool; those who have to deal with the technology, the signals, the filters, the algorithms, the experimental design, the programming of stimulus presentation, instructions to participants, working the varying tools for data analysis, and of course, worrying abo

When deciding upon the usage of direct deliveries as opposed to central inventories, efficiency and strategic effects need to be considered. Operations management literature on efficiency effects is not hard to find but literature describing what other factors can affect the decision is more scarce. Even less literature can be found on the theme of deciding between direct or indirect physical flow