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Accurate determination of the genetic diversity present in the HIV quasispecies is critical for the development of a preventative vaccine: in particular, little is known about viral genetic diversity for the second type of HIV, HIV-2. A better understanding of HIV-2 biology is relevant to the HIV vaccine field because a substantial proportion of infected people experience long-term viral control,

Background: Long-distance migration has evolved multiple times in different animal taxa. For insect migrants, the complete annual migration cycle covering several thousand kilometres, may be performed by several generations, each migrating part of the distance and reproducing. Different life-cycle stages and preferred orientation may thus, be found along the migration route. For migrating red admi

The emulsion stabilization functionality of surfactants and biopolymers can be replaced by solid particles adsorbed at the interface, where they create a category of emulsions known as Pickering emulsions. Recently, health and environmental concerns have led to new market demand for natural, biodegradable and renewable sources of ingredients. Starch granules meet these ingredient requirements and

The PI3K/mTOR pathway is the second most frequently deregulated pathway in a majority of cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanomas as well as leukemia. Mutations in the genes coding for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are quite common in all forms of acute leukemia. This can be a major cause of deregulation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. To under

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a promising platform for miniaturisation of biological assays on-chip. In droplet microfluidics small water droplets (nL-pL) surrounded by an immiscible carrier oil are generated at high throughput. In these droplets particles such as cells or microbeads can be encapsulated, and the idea is that each of these droplets can be used as small reaction chambers for

Metallurgical debris is by far the most informative source material for studying the metal craftsmanship ofthe past. In comparison to the finished objects, which has attracted far more attention in archaeologicalresearch, debris material are more or less confined to the original workshop sites and hence provide directevidence as to production volume and quality, site organization, artisanal skill

Background: The Swedish Program for health surveillance of preschool children includes screening of language and communication abilities. One important language screening is carried out at age 4 years as part of a general screening conducted by health nurses at child health centres. The instruments presently in use for this screening mainly focus on expressive phonology. This may result in both ov

Paenibacillus larvae, causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), is the primary bacterial pathogen affecting honeybees and beekeeping. The main methods for controlling AFB are incineration of diseased colonies or prophylactic antibiotic treatment (e.g. tylosin), neither of which is fully satisfactory. The search for superior means for controlling AFB has led to an increased interest in the natur

The enormous production and consumption of fossil-based plastics has caused severe environmental challenges such as pollution of the ocean, increased CO2-emissions, and various health problems. Many ofthese concerns are intimately connected to the use of fossil fuels in the production of polymers. For this reason, there is a considerable interest to develop bio-based monomers to mitigate some of t

Ces dernières années en Ouganda, les écologistes ont fait l'objet de répressions partout dans le pays. Pour sauvegarder la nature, des journalistes, des étudiants, ainsi que des agriculteurs et des habitants de zones rurales, protestent et se mobilisent contre les injustices et les déplacements forcés causés aussi bien par les infrastructures utilisant des énergies fossiles que par l’agro-industri

Sammanfattning Denna uppsats undersöker sambandet mellan polisens utredningsåtgärder och personuppklaring och lagföring vid hedersrelaterad brottslighet. Det övergripande syftet är att redogöra för vilken betydelse rätt kunskap, förstahandsåtgärder och utredningsmetodik spelar för den fortsatta lagföringen. Jag vill också undersöka om den kunskapssatsning som gjorts av regeringen och rikspolisstyrThis thesis investigates the connection between police investigative measures, solved crimes and prosecution concerning honour related crime. The overall aim is to account for what significance correct knowledge, first measures taken and methods used during the investigation have for the following prosecution. I also wish to investigate whether the augmentation of knowledge initiated by the govern

Kvinnliga samkönade par har tillgång till insemination inom svensk sjukvård sedan den 1 juli 2005. Trots det väljer en del par att genomföra behandlingen utanför svensk sjukvård, antingen utomlands eller genom privat insemination. Vid insemination utanför svensk sjukvård med donerad sperma skiljer sig föräldraskapsregleringen för kvinnliga samkönade par från den för olikkönade par. Mannen i ett olFemale same-sex couples have had the right to undergo insemination within Swedish health care since July 1st 2005. Despite this some couples still choose to get the treatment outside Swedish health care, either abroad or through private insemination. With insemination outside Swedish health care with donated sperm the regulation for parenthood for female same-sex couples differs from that of oppos

Cities will contain 70% of global populations by 2050, signalling the need to pursue solution-oriented approaches for sustainability challenges. Urban Living Labs are emerging as solution-based interventions, and share commonalities with efforts of sustainability science to broaden research for societal change alongside various actor sets. Currently there is a recognised lack of dedicated research