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Popular Abstract in Swedish För att ett transplanterat organ ska accepteras av mottagaren behövs immunhämmande läkemedel. Dessa läkemedel dämpar immunförsvaret och förhindrar avstötning av det transplanterade organet. Immunförsvaret har olika sätt att angripa organet, som det uppfattar som kropps-främmande. Idag används olika läkemedel i kombination som behandling mot avstötning. Tyvärr är dessa mTransplantation of vital organs is today a widely used treatment when failure of the organ is a fact. To prevent rejection immunosuppresive treatment must be maintained lifelong, unless transplantation is perfomed between identical twins. Many immunosuppresive agents introduced in clinical practice have been benificial in improving graft survival rates, but adverse effects remains a huge problem t

Context. The structures of the outer atmospheres of red giants are very complex. Recent interpretations of a range of different observations have led to contradictory views of these regions. It is clear, however, that classical model photospheres are inadequate to describe the nature of the outer atmospheres. The notion of large optically thick molecular spheres around the stars (MOLspheres) has b

Cobalamins belong to the tetrapyrrole family of prosthetic groups(.) The presence of a metal ion is a key feature of these compounds. In the oxygen-dependent (aerobic) cobalamin biosynthetic pathway, cobalt is inserted into a ring-contracted tetrapyrrole called hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide (HBAD) by a cobaltochelatase that is constituted by 3 subunits, CobN, CobS and CobT, with molecular mass

The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved and crucial during embryonic development. Aberrant Wnt signaling is important in several different disease processes. One such disease process is the development and progression of cancer. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor type, in which Wnt signaling is essential. Once a melanoma tumor has spread and formed metastasis, there are few trea

Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The reason for this is unknown, but considering the functional similarities of neurons and the insulin secreting pancreatic β-cell, pathological mechanisms may be shared by both cell types and account for neuronal as well as endocrine dysfunction. Hence, finding the mechanisms

A semiconductor (InSb) showed transient metal- like heat conduction after excitation of a dense electron- hole plasma via short and intense light pulses. A related ultrafast strain relaxation was detected using picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The deduced heat conduction was, by a factor of 30, larger than the lattice contribution. The anomalously high heat conduction can be explained o