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Concerns about the environmental effects of the ‘throwaway society’ are increasingly influencing policy-making and regulatory action in the EU. The Seventh Environment Action Programme, which aims to guide European environmental policy, sets out a long-term vision for the EU that requires a major shift in the way economic activities are conducted: In 2050, we live well, within the planet’s ecologi

SummaryCancer is a multifactorial inheritance disorder caused by a combination of small variations in genes, often acting together with environmental factors. GWASs provide a potential method to investigate the genetic basis of such complex diseases, but they are limited to two main classes of cancer susceptibility variants with different levels of risk and prevalence in the general population: ra

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem är uppbyggt runt två typer av celler som har som uppgift att försvaraoss mot infektioner. T lymfocyterna står för det cellmedierade immunförsvaret som är speciellt viktigt för att bekämpa virusinfektioner med B lymfocyterna har som uppgift att producera antikroppar. Antikroppar finns i alla kroppsvätskor och kan interagera med toxiner, virus och bakteriEach immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene segment contains an upstream promoter region. The octamer element and the TATA box are the only elements that are conserved in all Ig promoters. The presence of the octamer element is necessary, but not sufficient to support high levels of transcription. Therefore, the activity of other co-stimulatory elements is required. This investigation has focused on the study

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under större delen av den moderna psykiatrins historia innebar vården av psykisk sjukdom en förvisning av individer till stora slutna anstalter. Idag har dessa inspärrningsmiljöer reformerats så att vården istället organiseras samhällsbaserat utifrån ledorden: delaktighet, integrering och normalisering. Den övergripande frågan som ställs i denna avhandling är hur psykiThe modern era of psychiatry is predominantly a history of confinement. Individuals suffering from mental disorders were banished to asylums and mental hospitals. During the late twentieth century, however, the Swedish psychiatry was a recurring topic for political debate and the target for numerous reforms. At present it is reorganized around three fundamental principles: participation, normaliza

Clinical trials of pharmaceuticals have been running in Russia for more than ten years and while it is an attractive location for research, it remains a largely untapped resource as researchers look to expand patient recruitment outside the Western world. While academic sites like Moscow, St Petersburg and Novosibirsk have all gained experience in clinical trials, smaller hospitals in peripheral

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna studie handlar om sysselsättningsintegrationen av manliga och kvinnliga invandrare i Sverige mellan 1970 och 1995. Första kapitlet inleds med en översikt av teorier och tidigare studier om invandrares sysselsättning. Utifrån denna formuleras ett antal hypoteser. Det andra kapitlet ger en översikt av den svenska migrationshistorien, invandrarnas karaktäristika samtThis study deals with the employment integration of immigrant men and women in Sweden between 1970 and 1995. The first chapter starts with a review of theory and previous studies on immigrant employment and from this a number of testable hypotheses are framed The second chapter gives an overview of Swedish immigration history, the composition of the immigrant population and the economic background

That the Church of Norway has now adopted gender equality as its policy, is a new situation in a historical perspective, and is the result of a long process within the framework of the state church system. In this context, the way in which the Storting (the Norwegian parliament) dealt with the issue of admitting women to clerical offices in the 1930s was important. The purpose of this thesis has b

This article on the Swedish reception of the work and theories of feminist philosopher Judith Butler follows four feminist fields that introduced and discussed Butler’s work from the early 1990’s to the early 2000’s; the first and earliest being the radical feminist field, followed by the field of feminist literary studies, the field of queer theory and, as a field of its own, the various translat

The subject of this graduate thesis (The right to abortion under the European Convention of Human Rights) is wheather the right to abortion can be considered as a human right under the European Convention on Human Rights. Focus is on the right to abortion as a woman's right. The issue of abortion in view of the Convention raises both material and procedural questions. In addition to that is th

This essay presents the reader with an insight to how Sweden, the UK and the US deal with matters concerning inventions created by employees. It provides information on how employee inventions are categorized, which type of employee inventions belong to the employer, what right the employer has in these types of inventions, what or if he is obliged to compensate the employee and how contracts betw

Financial services and cross-border financial activities have developed considerably due to the globalisation of the economy. The utilisation of these new opportunities has, however, attracted financial activities that relates to money laundering. Money laundering is a way to separate and conceal the proceeds of crime in order to reinvest or simply use it in the open economy, without drawing the a