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Denna uppsats har undersökt konceptet kontraåtgärder inom folkrätten i förhållande till EU:s användning av sanktioner som ett medel för att tvinga efterlevnad av internationella förpliktelser. En kontraåtgärd är en åtgärd som i sig själv är olaglig men blir laglig när den tas som svar på en annans stats olagliga handling. Syftet med kontraåtgärden är att förmå den felande staten att upphöra med siThis thesis has studied the concept of countermeasures in public interna-tional law. I have analysed two cases where the EU has imposed sanctions on States that do not follow their international obligations. A countermeas-ure is a measure that is inherently illegal but may become legal if it is adopted as a response to another State’s unlaw act. The purpose of a coun-termeasure is to induce cessat

The purpose of this paper is to contribute with a new understanding of pop-up stores through a phenomenological perspective by examining how consumers experience pop-up stores. The study also aims to look at a micro and macro perspective to better understand how this phenomenon links to and is shaped by macro level trends of the contemporary consumer culture. Given the purpose and aim of the repor

The study contributes to existing research on corporate labeling of private label brands (PLs) and on the consumer attitude in the field of consumer behavior, with the focus on premium PLs. Furthermore, managerial contributions support the retailers on their corporate labeling strategy of premium PLs.

The factors behind the struggle for women’s empowerment in Iran are a combination of social, religio-cultural and traditional constraints. These have been institutionalized through the legal and legislative system, as well as the informal traditional practices in the public and private spheres. The Iranian legislative apparatus which directly and indirectly poses constraints on women’s presence in

It is well-known that long memory and regime switching in the first moment of a stochastic process are easily confused. But the relation between long memory in the second moment and regime switching in the second moment is less well understood. We perform a simulation study in which we assess the possibility to distinguish the two properties in the case that data with long memory in the second mom

With an increasing number of Swedish citizens joining military extremist organizations in the Middle East, this study aims to identify and discuss the current discourses on how to handle foreign terrorist fighters through an analysis of the Swedish debate during 2014-2015. While one faction presents strategies and policy suggestions aiming to restitute what are described as mentally ill and socioe

The watch officer on board of vessels of the Netherlands Royal Navy has to deal with a wide variety of interest during his/her duty. Despite the wide variety of interests the watch officer has to manage, the amount of incidents and accidents is few. Apparently, the watch officers of the Netherlands Royal Navy are well able to manage this wide variety of interests. The aim of this thesis research

Since the Washington consensus in the 1980s, economic liberalization has been seen as a panacea for increasing the economic development and the welfare of a developing country. By reducing trade tariffs and barriers, moving from a socialistic economic system and removing state monopoly on major exports, it is believed that a developing country will increase its income and economic growth while ben

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Främmande gen ger fler skott Ibland händer det att arter i naturen byter gener med varandra. Frågan är hur det kan påverka deras förmåga att anpassa sig till sin miljö. Kan en extra gen till exempel få ett gräs att växa annorlunda, eller klara av torka bättre? Det är frågor vi försökt få svar på i den här studien—med hjälp av femhundra krukor gräs och ett växtAbstract Genetic variation in sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina) on the island of Öland, Sweden, is associated with microhabitat variation on small spatial scales as a result of divergent local selection by environmental factors, including moisture. In this study, we investigate the effects of genetic variation on three levels—microhabitat-associated ancestry, allozymic variation in the metabolic enz

Sammanfattning En stor del av västvärlden står inför en demografisk förändring bestående av en allt åldrande befolkning i kombination med ett lägre barnafödande. För att möta detta behov förenklades 2008 det juridiska ramverket i Sverige gällande arbetskraftsinvandring från tredje land. Det nya regelverket innebär att den tidigare arbetsmarknadsprövningen togs bort, istället blev det den enskildeSummary Many Western countries are on the verge of a demograhpic change. This change consists of an aging population in combination with a decreasing birth rate. To meet the need following the labour shortage, the Swedish migration framework was modified in 2008. In the new framework the former labour market examination was abolished. Instead the individual employer became the decision maker of w

This study sought to explore the socio-economic impacts of stigmatization on young women (16-24) infected with HIV in Accra, Ghana (Ridge hospital). Qualitative study was performed with five young women 16-24 infected with HIV attending HIV clinic at Ridge hospital. Interviews were conducted to explore respondents’ perception of stigmatization and discrimination based on their HIV status and gende

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Jorderosion är ett stort problem som breder ut sig i samband med att den naturliga vegetationen avverkas. Erosion bidrar till en försämring i markkvalitet och sänker därmed markens produktionskapacitet. Sri Lanka är en världsledande exportör av te där småböndernas produktion är en viktig komponent. Teodlingen på Sri Lanka präglas av landets klimat och branta topoSoil erosion is a major problem which is expanding as the natural vegetation is replaced by cultivations. This results in land degradation which decreases the quality and fertility of the soil. Sri Lanka is world leading on the market of tea, with smallholders contributing to an important amount of the production. Tea cultivation in Sri Lanka is highly influenced by the climate and varying topogra

Title: Premium B2B services on a price sensitive market - a case study of a Swedish B2B service company in India. Authors: Emma Staxäng and Erik Almén Tutors: Andreas Larsson - PhD, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Fredrik Häglund - PhD Student, Business Administration, School of Economics and Management, Lund University. Helene Hjelmvik - Managing Directo

Seafood can be a potential source of contaminants and when consumed contribute to an increased exposure of these substances. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are contaminants accumulating in our seafood and are therefore an emerging concern. It has been suggested that cooking seafood can influence the concentration of heavy metals and other organic contaminants, however, few studies ha

Research question-/s: How does the time perceived by employees influence their individual innovative behaviour? Methodology: The research strategy of the study is quantitative with the use of a deductive method with influences of induction. Overall the design is a cross-sectional study design with the primary source of data collection through an online survey administered to a selected sample. T

Natural disasters are distressing and destructive for all who are exposed to them; however, certain populations are more vulnerable to their devastating effects than others. In the wake of the 2017 Northern California wildfire, scores of undocumented immigrants were significantly affected. Although the conflagration spread indiscriminately, the subsequent impacts were disproportionately felt by th

Financial markets turn all their attention towards the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank whenever there are the slightest rumors of a change in the policy rate of interest. But why is this rate so important and what is the theoretical basis of its existence in the first place? In modern economic literature theories of interest are rarely explicitly touched upon and interest is oft

Urban environments are rapidly growing worldwide with severe consequences to animals and plants residing in our cities. Some of the most well-studied urban wildlife is passerine birds, where a wide array of effects have been documented; smaller clutches, earlier breeding, shorter telomeres and oxidative stress are just some costs among numerous others. Yet, few studies have so far investigated the