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BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, with or without neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), exhibit greater neuronal impairment compared to healthy individuals in terms of neuronal damage, magnet resonance imaging (MRI) changes and cognitive dysfunction. Interferon (IFN)-α is a key immunopathogenic driver of SLE, being persistently overexpressed in the majority of patients. This longitu
Immigration status as a ground of making distinctions that might be in violation of the right to non-discrimination, is conceptually underdeveloped. This gap is addressed by explaining how the European Court of Human Rights has chosen to use arguments shaped by factual and legal/normative elements to reason under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. One such argument concerns the
Massive star clusters are observed in galaxies spanning a broad range of luminosities and types, and are assumed to form in dense gas-rich environments. Using a parsec-resolution hydrodynamical simulation of an isolated gas-rich low-mass galaxy, we discuss here the non-linear effects of stellar feedback on the properties of star clusters with a focus on the progenitors of nuclear clusters. Our sim
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to provide a detailed investigation of the hydrogen bond networks around the phosphatidylcholine (PC) head group in 1,2-dipropionyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in pure water, 10 mol.% and 30 mol.% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-water solutions. Specifically, it is observed that DMSO replaces those water molecules that are within the first solvation shell of the ch
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial assistance to its member countries in economic difficulties but at the same time requires these countries to reform public policies. In several contexts, these reforms have been at odds with population health and material living standards. While researchers have empirically analyzed the consequences of IMF reforms on health, no analysis has
This paper has two objectives: first, to estimate the size of informal venture capital market in Sweden, and second, to explore the heterogeneity of informal investing behaviour. Based on quantitative data on 278 informal venture capital investors and 422 investments, this paper provides an estimation of the size of the informal venture capital market in Sweden and an analysis of its structure by
Hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) was a controversial issue in the United Kingdom that sparked national and community-led groups to organise protest mobilisations. To date, however, the social science literature has largely focussed upon general anti-fracking discourse rather than on the physical, community-led mobilisations that emerged from the frustrations of people directly affected at a local
A combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy has been used to study the adsorption of phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) on anatase TiO2(101) single crystal at coverages of 0.15 monolayer (ML) and 0.85 ML. The photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest that at 0.15 ML coverage PPA adsorbs in a bidentate geometry followi
During atrial fibrillation (AF), conventional electrophysiological techniques for assessment of refractory period or conduction velocity of the atrioventricular (AV) node cannot be used. We aimed at evaluating changes in AV nodal properties during administration of metoprolol from electrocardiogram data, and to support our findings with simulated data based on results from an electrophysiological
AimsAnaemia and iron deficiency are constituents of the cardio-renal syndrome in chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated the effects of i.v. iron in iron-deficient CHF patients on renal function, and the efficacy and safety of this therapy in patients with renal dysfunction. Methods and resultsThe FAIR-HF trial randomized 459 CHF patients with iron deficiency (ferritin <100 mu g/L, or between
Substituted thiophene-1,1-dioxides were synthesized and their ring-opening reactions with omega-unsaturated secondary amines were investigated; this led to a synthetic route to azatrienes and to the preparation of some polyhydroisoindoles and polyhydroisoquinolines via an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. By using 2-substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines various tetrahydrobenzo[f]indolizidine
The distribution of the output error burst lengths from a Viterbi decoder is of particular interest in connection with concatenated coding systems, where the inner code is convolutional. From the expurgated, random, and sphere-packing exponents for block codes an upper bound on this distribution for the ensemble of periodically time-varying convolutional codes is obtained. Finally, the distributio
