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Purpose: Packaging adds weight and volume to food products, thereby increasing the environmental impact of transport processes. This research examines the relative importance of transport efficient packaging in food supply chains that rely on road transport compared to other environmental requirements, such as packaging material minimization and food waste reduction.Design/methodology/approach: Sc

The antitumour effect of applied high voltage exponential pulses was investigated on rats with subcutaneously implanted N32 brain tumours. Superficial tumours on the thigh were produced by the injection of 100 000 N32 glioma cells on Fischer-344 rats. Four weeks after inoculation, a solid tumour has grown to a size of about 1 cm located directly under the skin. Short electric high voltage pulses w

Edon80 is a recent stream cipher design that has advanced to the third and last phase of the eSTREAM project. It has remained unbroken and untweaked since it was designed and submitted to eSTREAM. It is now one of the 8 final hardware candidates. In this paper we cryptanalyze the cipher by describing a key recovery attack. The complexity of the attack is around 269 simple operations for a keystrea

An almost k-wise independent sample space is a small subset of m bit sequences in which any k bits are “almost independent”. We show that this idea has close relationships with useful cryptologic notions such as multiple authentication codes (multiple A-codes), almost strongly universal hash families and almost k-resilient functions. We use almost k-wise independent sample spaces to construct new

Knowing the droplets temperature is of great importance in spray-assisted combustion devices as it directly affects the droplet evaporation rate. This information helps optimizing the fuel/air mixture formation for the improvement of combustion devices. To measure the temperature of spray droplets, optical techniques such as Rainbow-Refractrometry (for point-wise) and the two-color LIF ratio therm

Building as many houses as possible in a factory environment seems like an effective way to systematically reduce productivity costs and improve quality in the building process. Based on this idea, a Swedish company has manufactured modules consisting of one or several rooms that were transported and assembled into multi family dwellings onsite. This paper analyses different improvements regarding

Three species of Caloplaca are described as new to science: Caloplaca caesiosorediata Arup & van den Boom, a corticolous species and two saxicolous species, Caloplaca catillarioides Arup & van den Boom, and C. caesioisidiata Arup & van den Boom, all from the archipelago of Cape Verde. They are dark-fruited and have a pale to dark greyish crustose thallus. None of the new species are ph

Moisture is decisive for a large number of reaction, binding and transport processes in concrete affecting the durability, shrinkage and performance in various environments. Consequently, the role of moisture must be assessed and quantified in a diagnosis of concrete degradation by moisture measurements and a survey of environmental actions. The paper gives an over-view of the role of moisture in

We consider the problem of link capacity dimensioning and routing optimization in networks that support elastic flows and maintain proportional fairness among these flows. We assume that each demand between the origin-destination (O-D) pairs is associated with a minimum and a maximum bandwidth requirement and that a certain allocated bandwidth to a user demand (which must be between these minimum

This paper illustrates a novel method to analyze artificial neural networks so as to gain insight into their internal functionality. To this purpose, the elements of a feedforward-backpropagation neural network, that has been trained to detect edges in images, are described in terms of differential operators of various orders and with various angles of operation.

We report on the up-converted emissions at 367, 458 and 483 nm in thulium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) under infrared excitation in the range of 730-800 nm. We also observe blue and strong green emission in thulium and holmium codoped LuAG with near infrared excitation. Excitation spectra, power dependence, temporal behavior and temperature dependence of up-converted emissions were measur

The paper studies the local solvability and subellipticity for square systems of principal type. These are the systems for which the principal symbol vanishes of first order on its kernel. For systems of principal type having constant characteristics, local solvability is equivalent to condition (Ψ) on the eigenvalues. This is a condition on the sign changes of the imaginary part along the oriente

It is well-known that the morphology of urban areas modifies the variations of climate variables at microscale; known as microclimate conditions. The complexity of urban morphology can lead to undesired wind conditions or excessive air temperature; particularly in extreme weather conditions. This study attempts to quantify the impacts of urban morphology on the evolution of wind speed and air temp