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Fuel production from renewable resources will likely be a prerequisite for reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and, at the same time, ensuring future energy security. In this thesis, the conversion of typical Swedish biomass, mainly Norway spruce, to ethanol was studied. The first part of the work focused on the degradation of biomass to fermentable sugars. More specifica

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A frequency synthesizer applied to 10/100 Base-T Ethernet transceiver is described. It can work in 10Mbps or 100Mbps mode adaptively and convert from one mode to another freely. The circuit can meet both requirements of transmitter on rising/falling time and receiver on CDR so that the additional power and area are saved. Under some testing circumstance, G of voltage control oscillator jittercycle

It has been demonstrated that PID controllers can be tuned effectively based on an experiment with relay feedback. This paper describes a tuning method for a general digital controller based on relay feedback. The control design method is based on pole placement. An interesting feature is that the sampling period and the desired closed-loop poles are determined from the experiment. The method is a

Distance relays are one of the most important components of protection available to power system protection engineers. Distance relays can benefit from ideas in the newly developed field of adaptive protection, and can offer an even more selective and sensitive form of protection, under a variety of power system configurations. A new fast adaptive distance protection scheme for single line to grou

Here we present our interface model and research demonstrators based on our context-aware virtual personal server space system, called “Nightingale”. Based on digital paper and collaborative interface technologies, we focus on reminiscence activities for their use in promoting social and intellectual fitness in the elderly. The Nightingale middleware consists of three planes of service (data, cont

Hardware today can be inaccessible to users due to cost or the customer’s desire for flexibility. By using virtualization one can reduce customer costs while increasing flexibility. To do this, companies might need to redesign or migrate their hardware to suit a virtualized environment. However, migration from custom to virtual hardware introduces security risks. This thesis, therefore, explores t

Cleft lip and palate belong to the most common deformities present at birth. The condition hampers normal speech development in children, and treatment involves both surgery and regular sessions with a speech pathologist. The speech pathologist assesses the child’s speech impairment stemming from the condition on a three-point scale: "Competent", "Marginally incompetent" and &q

This project is essentially an extension of the Wikihouse Skylark construction library. However, it is extended through the lens of value reproduction within an open system—by extracting the fundamental logic and information of the original system and identifying its most basic meta-information. Based on this meta-information, new components are developed that remain compatible with other elements