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The sustainable production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires the combination of efficient hydrolysis and complete fermentation of all the monomeric sugars present in the raw material. The present work was aimed at tackling some of the major challenges that will be encountered in commercial-scale ethanol production using Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the preferred microorg

The thesis explores the obligation in international law to protect the ecological integrity of transboundary watercourses. The thesis specifically examines the obligation to protect environmental flows, which essentially means to protect a certain water flow for the benefit of freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they supply. The obligation to protect the integrity of transboundary wat

AimsTo compare growth variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on different soil types, and to assess the potential of peat-soil pines for climatological and hydrological studies.MethodsWe used extensive dendrochronological analyses to investigate temporal and spatial responses of pines growing on peat soils and mineral soils in three regions of Lithuania.ResultsSignificant correlations wer

Business opportunities are a chance for a company to grow its activity and to further the aggregate welfare of the society as a whole. Corporate opportunities rules and their functional equivalents should enable companies to develop their business activities when directors discover those business opportunities. Companies need to be certain that they can legally appropriate those business opportuni

During recent years new threats have accentuated the role of scientific experts for creating risk awareness, understanding, and advice for action or preparedness for informed risk decisions. Scientific experts are expected to engage in risk communication with stakeholders at various levels, not least the general public. Scientific experts exist in organizations where forms and goals may vary, as w

This dissertation is set in the context of the modern space age, which is characterised by an overall increase in space activities on a global scale and a relative increase in private and commercial space activities. Space has become a business case.This study analyses the principle of international responsibility for activities in outer space as mainly codified in Article VI of the Outer Space TrThis dissertation is set in the context of the modern space age, which is characterised by an overall increase in space activities on a global scale and a relative increase in private and commercial space activities. Space has become a business case.This study analyses the principle of international responsibility for activities in outer space as mainly codified in Article VI of the Outer Space Tr

This paper explores the potential of corpus data to account for language users’ mental representations of a high-frequency item that is prone to phonetic reduction. We present an analysis of the realisations of semi-modal have to in spoken American English, which is a candidate for to-contraction (compare wanna and gotta) but has no clearly established contracted form. The study therefore focusses

Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is an emerging imaging technique that provides a molecular-specific type of image contrast, based on magnetic labelling of exchangeable protons. The technique enables the use of biodegradable sugars as contrast agents, and such compounds are believed to have less side effects than conventional MRI contrast agents. HoweDynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is an emerging imaging technique that provides a molecular-specific type of image contrast, based on magnetic labelling of exchangeable protons. The technique enables the use of biodegradable sugars as contrast agents, and such compounds are believed to have less side effects than conventional MRI contrast agents. Howe

A classical solution for matching two image patches is to use the cross-correlation coefficient. This works well if there is a lot of structure within the patches, but not so well if the patches are close to uniform. This means that some patches are matched with more confidence than others. By estimating this uncertainty, more weight can be put on the confident matches than those that are more unc

This thesis explores the relationship between news media and trust from the perspective of the individual audience member using the term “fake news” to do so. This thesis set out to understand how audiences were engaging with and defining the term “fake news” in our contemporary media environment and if and how this was affecting their overall engagement with news media. To do so, the study used a

Background: The high prevalence of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among young people in Sweden are the result of a trend towards increased sexual risk-taking behaviour. While a few qualitative studies suggest that some of these young people take sexual risks as an escape from loneliness, the associations between loneliness and sexual risk-taking behavior are still not w

Competition between neighbouring trees has a big impact on their growth. Trees have different strategies to deal with competing neighbours. Some grow quickly and tall, overshadowing neighbouring trees, but die young (Georges K., 2015). Others grow more slowly, but outlive the fast-growing ones and cast shade on them over a longer period. These interactions have a strong influence on the dynamics o

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine how older women interact, perform to their heart's content, learn music, and communicate across cultures around square dancing in a Chinese context. The paper explores how retired Chinese grandmothers use square dancing to build social interactions, find friendships and integrate into diverse group life. It also considers the identity backgrou