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Bestämmelsen om grov fridskränkning och grov kvinnofridskränkning infördes år 1998 i 4 kap. 4 a § brottsbalken som ett led i samhällets åtgärder för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor. Under senare år har framförts åsikter om att fridskränkningsbrottet bortser från en viktig dimension, nämligen det våld som utförs mot husdjur i syfte att skada det mänskliga brottsoffret. Enligt forskning begås sådaThe penalty clause about gross violation of integrity and gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced in Swedish law in 1998 as a means to combat domestic violence. Although, in recent time it has been suggested that the penalty clause disregards an important dimension, namely the violence against pets that is performed in order to hurt the human victim of crime. Research has shown that

Uppsatsen behandlar svårigheterna för oligopol att beakta varandras beteenden, då detta kan anses utgöra ett samordnat förfarande. Att på ett självständigt och intelligent sätt anpassa sig till andra företags beteenden är något helt tillåtet i konkurrensrätten, och begränsas inte av EU-rättens artikel 101.1 i fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt. Problematiken uppstår om kommissionen stöThis essay examines the fine line between parallel behaviour of companies active in an oligopolistic market and concerted practices. Enterprises are fully permitted to independently and intelligently adapt their behaviour to the actions of their competitors, since this conduct is not illegal according to article 101.1 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. However, the Commission

GIS Section of Street and Park department of Malmö Municipality continuously receives new spatial data from different contractors that need to be saved to the GIS section traffic database. Due to spatial relationships and daily updates of traffic database, it is evident that the traffic database requires more consistency and integration in an automatic way. Since there is a spatial and conceptual

Anthropogenic use of nitrogen and phosphorus causes a risk to aquatic ecosystems and hence the livelihood of humans. To tackle this issue, the European Union have imposed environmental obligations on its member states to higher the quality of the aquatic environment. As a member state, Denmark is partly fulfilling these objectives by re-creating wetlands in the landscape, which retain and remove n

This study explores author texts on public libraries in the United Kingdom between the years 2010 and 2018. The texts appear in a national public debate about the value, purpose and direction of the library service following a significant number of library closures and funding cuts. These were the result of the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 and the subsequent implementation of the auste

Technical standards often implicate patented technologies. This poses a risk of patent hold-up, whereby a standard essential patent (“SEP”) holder opportunistically exploits its market power conferred by standardization and demands excessive and possibly differential royalties from implementers of the standard. Commitments to license on fair, reasonable, and non- discriminatory (“F/RAND”) terms im

Twenty four participants, school principals (n=14) and school counselors (n=10), were recruited to perform a psychotherapeutic intervention, expressive writing. Booth groups consisting of non-clinical professionals. A pre and post-measurement was conducted regarding perceived stress, burn-out and motivation to perform the intervention as well as satisfaction with the intervention. The study found

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur cellolärare i kulturskolan arbetar för att utveckla musikaliskt uttryck hos nybörjare i undervisningen, samt vilka faktorer som påverkar dem att lägga vikt vid musikaliskt uttryck för nybörjare. Förhoppningen är att genom studien belysa vikten av diskussion inom musikpedagogik kring musikaliskt uttryck i undervisning av nybörjare. Tre cellolärare på oli

Den 3 november 2016 överlämnade utredningen sitt betänkande Översyn av skattereglerna för delägare i fåmansföretag (SOU2016:75) till Finansdepartement. Utredningens uppdrag bestod dels i att se över fördelningsreglerna i det så kallade 3:12- systemet, dels beskattningen i ägarskiften. I direktivet betonade uppdragsgivaren behovet av en reglering som förhindrar inkomstomvandling, samtidigt som intrOn 3 November 2016 the Committee submitted its report on tax for owners of closely held companies (Swedish Government Official Reports series 2016: 75) to the Finance Ministry. The Committee's mission partly consisted of reviewing the allocation rules in the so called 3: 12- system and taxation in ownership. The directive stressed client need for a regulation that prevents income conversion, w

With the emergence of the digital spaces, modern society has been witnessing the transformation of the public sphere, which is mostly altered by the new means of communication. Simultaneously, civic discussions that are taking place within the public sphere, are inevitably going through the same transformation and are now more and more often found in the digital spaces. This thesis is taking on th

Miljö och klimatförändringar samt mänskliga rättigheter har länge varit uppe på den internationella agendan. På senare tid har det även uppkommit en diskussion om kopplingen mellan dessa två, framförallt om hur miljöfaktorer påverkar människor. Genom föroreningar, naturkatastrofer, industriutsläpp, med mera, kan olika miljöfaktorer bidra till en kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter. Detta har internThe environment and climate change as well as human rights have both been international concerns for a long time. Lately there has arisen a discussion about the connection between these two. The discussion has above all been about the impact that the environment has on humans. Pollution, natural disasters, industrial emissions, etc. are factors that can contribute to the violation of human rights.

Den svenska sexköpslagstiftningen är kontroversiell och har kritiserats för att sakna tydliga skyddsintressen och uppvisa bristande effektivitet. Även om lagstiftningen lett till minskad efterfrågan av sexuella tjänster i Sverige, kommer lagstiftningen inte åt de som istället köper sex utomlands i stater utan motsvarande lagstiftning. Kravet på dubbel straffbarhet hindrar lagföring i svensk domstoThe prohibition of purchase of sexual services under Swedish law is controversial and has been criticized for its lack of clear protection interests and defective efficiency. Although such legislation has reduced the demand for sexual services in Sweden, it does not apply when Swedish nationals purchase sexual services in states which do not have corresponding legislation. The double criminality r

Brotten vållande till kroppsskada eller sjukdom, förtal, förolämpning och egenmäktighet med barn är alla brott mot person för vilka de brottsutredande myndigheterna enbart får fatta lagföringsbeslut om åtal kan anses påkallat ur allmän synpunkt. Begränsningen, som i vissa fall enbart aktualiseras om målsäganden angivit brottet till åtal, innebär att myndigheterna inte får hantera alla fall även omThe offences causing bodily injury or illness, defamation, insulting behaviour and arbitrary conduct concerning a child are offences against the person to which the investigating authorities can take conviction decisions only if prosecution is called for in the public interest. The limitation, which in some cases is applicable only if the plaintiff has reported an offence for prosecution, means th

Human trafficking consists of a sequence of smaller events taking place over a large span of time and perhaps even over multiple borders. Perpetrators of the crime take people away from their homes and their origins, either through coercion or threat of force, and instead place them in frightful environments where their survival and human dignity is constantly at risk. Legal measures to fight huma

This paper examines the effects of the planned high speed railway between Malmö and Stockholm (known as Sverigeförhandlingen) on the tourism industry in the municipality of Höör through landscape changes. There will be no railway station in the municipality on that particular railway line meaning that trains will pass by. The paper examines stepwise how the tourism industry in the municipality is

Författare: Josefine Svahn Titel: Bristande tillgänglighet på universitetet ur ett internationellt perspektiv Handledare: Niklas Selberg Introduktion Den 14 januari 2009 åtog sig Sverige att bli juridiskt bundna av FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning, en konvention som syftar till att värna om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Artikel 24 CRPD, soAuthor: Josefine Svahn Title: Lack of Accessibility in the University from an International Perspective Supervisor: Niklas Selberg Introduction On the 14th of January 2009 Sweden committed to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a convention that seek to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. Article 24 of the CRPD, which concerns the right to inclusive education,

I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen behandlas personuppgifter i allt större utsträckning och mer gränsöverskridande. Behandling och överföring av personuppgifter är förenat med en risk för att individens integritetsskydd åsidosätts. EU har en stark dataskyddslagstiftning och värnar om skydd av EU-medborgares personuppgifter. USA har inte en lika stark dataskyddslagstiftning. Samtidigt är USA enWith the fast development in information technology, personal data is increasingly being processed and interchanged cross-border. Processing and transfer of personal data is associated with a risk that the individual's privacy protection is disregarded. The EU has strong data protection legislations and a strong protection of the personal data of EU citizens. The U.S. does not have as strong

Mobilizing for increased human rights and democratization in authoritarian states comes with great costs and risks. The post-soviet country of Belarus is often referred to as a textbook example of a consolidated authoritarian state. Despite several attempts, Belarusian society has yet to move towards a democratic transition. The incumbent regime seems to adapt to democratic challenges and stepped

ndia ranges among the countries experiencing most water stress in recent years, while being a major virtual water net exporter. The country’s position relative to its water sources exacerbated since its trade liberalization in the early 1990’s, which calls for a future national water crisis. To comprehend India’s water stress, this study aims to examine the country’s agricultural water use at thre

The European Union is working towards creating a Common European Asylum System for the purpose of harmonizing the domestic asylum laws of its Member States and creating a system in which asylum status may be determined justly. The Reception Directive of 2003 is the EU legislation that, among other things sets minimum standards of health care for asylum seekers in EU Member States. All EU Member St