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Background and aims: Gut transit time is a key modulator of host-microbiome interactions, yet this is often overlooked, partly because reliable methods are typically expensive or burdensome. The aim of this single-arm, single-blinded intervention study is to assess (1) the relationship between gut transit time and the human gut microbiome, and (2) the utility of the a € blue dye' method as an inex
Understanding how to modulate appetite in humans is key to developing successful weight loss interventions. Here, we showed that postprandial glucose dips 2–3 h after a meal are a better predictor of postprandial self-reported hunger and subsequent energy intake than peak glucose at 0–2 h and glucose incremental area under the blood glucose curve at 0–2 h. We explore the links among postprandial g
While accessible housing is known as important to promote healthy ageing, the societal issue of providing accessible housing for the ageing population bears the characteristics of a “wicked problem”. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of crucial variables for decision-making about the provision of accessible housing for the ageing population in Sweden. Materials used for a de
Regional growth models leave a large share of variation unexplained. While we should continuously aim to improve these models, the unique combination of conditions and human agency in each region will also invariably lead to region-specific growth trajectories. Theoretically, we should thus expect systematic deviations from growth predictions. We propose an approach to explore these unexplained de
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 732 recently diagnosed patients with T2D from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) study were extensively phenotyped over 3 years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), β-cell glucose sensiti
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-m
BackgroundAirway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a key feature of asthma, leads to airway narrowing in response to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Notably, AHR is also observed in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Mannitol challenge test is an indirect method to assess airway hyperresponsiveness.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to explore airway hyperresponsivenes
IMPORTANCE: Repeating a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test after an elevated measurement is a guideline-recommended component of the prebiopsy workup. However, it is unclear whether certain patients can be exempted from repeat PSA testing and proceed directly to further workup.OBJECTIVE: To determine yearly PSA variability and implications of repeating an elevated PSA in the Prostate, Lung, Colo
Waste-to-energy fly ash can be repurposed if treated to limit the leaching of potentially toxic elements such as Zn. Ashes with lime additives can be stabilised via gypsum formation, while those without additives are better suited for acid-leaching treatment (and material recovery). In this study, ashes from grate-fired boilers – three without lime addition and one ash with lime addition – were tr
We theoretically investigate the properties of ultracold dipolar atoms in radially coupled, concentric annular traps created by a potential barrier. The nonrotating ground-state phases are investigated across the superfluid-supersolid phase transition, revealing a particle imbalance between the two rings and a preferential density modulation in the outer ring in the absence of rotation. Near the p
Pathogenic bacterial infections lead to bacterial resistance and biofilm formation, causing significant suffering and presenting an urgent issue to be addressed. Polymer materials have garnered considerable attention in the antibacterial field due to their functional moldability and molecular structure designability. These materials can achieve various antibacterial functions by regulating their m
Importance: Prenatal intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) interventions that promote adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) have had variable and mostly modest effects on clinically relevant maternal and infant outcomes. It is unknown whether different maternal obesity metabolic phenotypes underlie the heterogeneity in response. Objective: To examine GWG, adverse perinatal outcomes, substrate change
Quantum instruments describe both the classical outcome and the updated state associated with a quantum measurement. We ask whether these processes can be simulated using only a natural subset of resources, namely projective measurements on the system and quantum processing of the postmeasurement states. We show that the simulability of instruments can be connected to an entanglement classificatio
Centre for Economic Demography Lund University School of Economics and Management P.O. Box 7083 SE-220 07 Lund, Sweden www.ed.lu/publications/Lund-Papers-in-Economic-Demography/ Gendered Parenthood in the 21st Century? Everyday Time Use and Stress in Sweden, 2000/01-2010/11 MARIA STANFORS LUND PAPERS IN ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY 2020:3 Gendered Parenthood in the 21st century? Everyday Time Use and Stres
https://www.lusem.lu.se/sites/lusem.lu.se/files/2024-07/LPED_2020_3.pdf - 2026-05-25
This study examines the relationship between income-related health inequality (IRHI) and macroeconomic conditions. We complement an income group-based analysis of the impact of macroeconomic conditions on mortality by incorporating an analysis of the concentration index as a comprehensive measure of overall IRHI. Using a recentered influence function regression approach, we estimate the impact of
Hydrogen energy plays a pivotal role in the sustainable energy transition. Methanol steam reforming offers an efficient route for decentralized hydrogen production, yet catalyst limitations persist. This work employs entropy engineering to design lanthanide perovskite catalysts via sol-gel synthesis. Structural analyses reveal entropy-driven lattice distortion, enhanced disorder, and elevated oxyg
Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed understanding of risks from exposure to the non-threshold carcinogen hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) among workers (n = 113) and occupational health and safety managers (n = 13) at 14 worksites with potential exposure to Cr(VI). We found that 55% of the workers had a measurable concentration of inhalable Cr(VI), with 19% exceeding 1 µg/m3, a level that corr
