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DAC7-direktivet utgör en ändring av rådets direktiv 2011/16/EU om admi-nistrativt samarbete i fråga om beskattning och trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2023. Det övergripande syftet med DAC-direktiven i allmänhet är att bekämpa skattebedrägeri och skatteundandraganden samt att säkerställa en rättvis be-skattning inom unionen. DAC7-direktivet fokuserar på berörda verksamheter som bedrivs av säljare viThe DAC7-Directive constitutes an amendment to Council Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation and entered into force on 1 January 2023. The overarching purpose of the DAC directives in general is to combat tax fraud and tax evasion, as well as to ensure fair taxation within the Union. The DAC7-Directive focuses on relevant activities carried out by sellers thro

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur miljöförsvarare kan skyddas inom EUrätten i utövandet av civil olydnad. Syftet baseras till stor del på- och inspireras av Guidelines on Peaceful Environmental Protest and Civil Disobedience som Specialrapportören för miljöförsvarare under Århuskonventionens nyligen har publicerat. Vidare bygger uppsatsen på ett antal internationella konventioner för att undThis graduate thesis aims to examine possible avenues for protection for environmental defenders exercising civil disobedience within the EU legal framework. The aim is based on and inspired by the Guidelines on Peaceful Environmental Protest and Civil Disobedience published in 2025 by the Special Rapporteur on Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention. Further, the graduate thesis buil

Den statliga järnvägsinfrastrukturen är central för Sveriges transportsystem men är samtidigt resurs- och kostnadskrävande att anlägga och underhålla. Räler är en särskilt betydelsefull komponent eftersom de har lång teknisk livslängd och tillverkas av energikrävande stål. Skillnader i belastning och slitage inom järnvägsnätet innebär att räler som tas ur drift i vissa delar av anläggningen i andrThe state owned railway infrastructure is central to Sweden’s transport system but is at the same time resource and cost intensive to construct and maintain. Rails constitute a particularly significant component, as they have a long technical service life and are manufactured from energy intensive steel. Variations in load and wear across the railway network men that rails taken out of service in

The increasing demand for electric vehicle charging stations creates new challenges for electric grid planning. This thesis proposes a framework for forecasting realistic 24-hour peak load profiles for new direct current fast-charging stations without historical observations. The method combines $K$-means clustering of existing stations’ hourly load patterns and random forest models that predict b

Trafik spelar en grundläggande och central roll i stadsutvecklingen, där transportsystemet formar hur städer och samhällen utvecklas, människors rörelsemönster och hur miljön upplevs. Tidigare studier visar att det sannolikt finns ca 20 miljoner parkeringsplatser i Sverige. För att minska antalet anordnade parkeringsplatser som krävs vid nybyggnation kan byggherren göra mobilitetsköp som syftar tiTransport plays a fundamental role in urban development, as transport shapes how cities and communities evolve, influence people’s movement patterns and affect how the urban environment is perceived. Previous studies indicate that there are approximately 20 million parking spaces in Sweden. To reduce the number of parking spaces required in new developments, the developer can invest in mobility me

Uppsatsens ämne är det utökade skyddet för kända varumärken, syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera förutsättningarna och gränserna för det utökade skyddet för kända varumärken inom varumärkeslagen. För att uppnå syftet har följande frågeställningar ställts: Vad innebär kravet att ett varukännetecken ska vara känt inom en betydande del av omsättningskretsen? Vad innebär att användningeThe subject of the thesis is the extended protection for reputed trademarks. The purpose of the thesis is to describe and analyze the conditions and limits for the extended protection of well-known trademarks within trademark law. To achieve this purpose, the following research questions are addressed: What does the requirement that a sign must be known within a substantial part of the relevant pu

Moving ahead from the domination of either side of established powers like socialism, capitalism, or all the -isms, another way seems possible. As we know from history, there is a great potential and capacity that lies within civil society that finds creative ways to tackle the problems others have failed to address. The study aimed to explore the strategies that social enterprises apply to reconc

What would it mean for a building to never be finished? This thesis starts from that question. Looking at informal settlements, specifically the umkhukhu in South African townships , buildings there grow bit by bit, use whatever is available, get taken apart and rebuilt. There is no completion date. The thesis takes that seriously, not as something to fix, but as a way of thinking about what h

Framtida samhällsutmaningar och ett ökat behov av teknisk kompetens gör det viktigt att förstå hur en bredare grupp unga kan attraheras till ingenjörsyrket. Föreliggande studie undersöker hur olika framställningar av en ingenjörsroll påverkar ungas intresse för yrket. Studien utgår från målkongruensteorin som förklarar att karriärintresse påverkas av huruvida individer uppfattar att ett yrke kan uFuture societal challenges and the need for technical competence highlight the importance of understanding how engineering can attract a broader group of young people. The present study examines how different framings of an engineering role influence young people’s interest in the occupation. The study was based on Goal Congruity Theory, which suggests that career interest is shaped by whether peo

The global decline of seagrass meadows has increased the need for effective restoration strategies, yet recovery is often limited by physical environmental stressors. This thesis investigates the hydrodynamic thresholds influencing seagrass seedling survival and recruitment along the Adelaide coastline in Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. The study focuses on two sites with similar environmental

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan träningsmotivation och kroppsuppskattning hos unga vuxna i Sverige, samt hur träningsfrekvens samvarierar med olika motivationsformer. Studien utgick från Self- Determination Theory (SDT) och fokuserade särskilt på skillnaden mellan autonom och kontrollerad motivation. Vidare undersöktes eventuella könsskillnader i träningsmotivatioThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between exercise motivation and body appreciation among young adults in Sweden, as well as how exercise frequency covaries with different forms of motivation. The study was based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and focused particularly on the distinction between autonomous and controlled motivation. Furthermore, potential gender d

The North Atlantic region is a key component of the climate system via large-scale atmosphere and ocean circulation. Climate field reconstructions can provide a long-term context for ongoing climate change and contribute to our understanding of climate dynamics, impact of external forcings, and act as references for model evaluation and baseline for natural variability. There are distinct differen

Between 2024 and 2026, AI providers launched dedicated agent products and presented them as tools that can plan, decide and carry out marketing tasks with greater independence than earlier generative AI. On LinkedIn, Swedish marketing executives and industry opinion leaders produce a parallel discourse that reaches the same professional audience. This study examines how the relationship between th

Den arkeiska jordskorpan är den äldsta bevarade kontinentala jordskorpan på jorden och den består till stor del av bergartssviten tonalit-trondhjemit-granodiorit (TTG). Kvarts och plagioklas är de dominerande mineralen i TTG bergarter, som karakteriseras av hög SiO2, Na2O och låg K2O. TTG bildas sällan idag vilket har lett till en osäkerhet runt deras ursprung, men de tros vara bildade genom partiThe Archean crust is the oldest preserved continental crust on Earth, and it is largely made up of the rock suite tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG). Quartz and plagioclase are the dominating minerals of TTG rocks, that are characterized by a high SiO2, Na2O, and a low K2O. TTG rarely form today which have led to an uncertainty around their origin, but they are believed to be generated throu

This thesis investigates simulating X-ray computed tomography with two primary objectives: developing a virtual representation of an X-ray computed tomography scanner and generating labelled synthetic training data for deep learning-based fibre segmentation. A simulation pipeline to generate X-ray projections based on the Beer-Lambert law was developed using the open-source framework gVirtualXray.

INTRODUCTION: Women are increasingly entering the dementia research workforce, but they frequently fail to attain senior leadership positions in academia. Discrepancies in academic research outputs were investigated to guide equity-focused policy recommendations.METHODS: Bibliometrics was conducted on 400,482 original research articles (2003-2022) followed by surveying the AD/ADRD research communi

Large-scale biobanks and electronic health records (EHR) offer great opportunities for next-generation genetic studies. However, missing phenotype data is a pervasive feature of EHR, leading to low power of such studies. One promising solution is prediction-powered inference, where statistical or machine learning models are employed to impute phenotypes prior to performing genetic analyses. Althou

This thesis examines the market access barriers faced by small-scale producers in Bolivia, with a focus on Chiquitania, Los Valles Cruceños, and Zongo. Drawing on 15 semi-structured interviews with producers, vendors, university staff, and institutional actors, it analyses how structural, institutional, and relational barriers shape not only producers’ ability to reach markets, but also their abil

Background/Objectives: Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard for measuring implant migration, with CT-RSA increasingly used as an alternative. To evaluate CT-RSA, it is important to assess data that include the surrounding soft tissues, rather than data from simplified phantoms, while also avoiding unnecessary radiation from multiple scans. This study proposes a method for generati