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Background: Several aggregate data meta-analyses have provided estimates of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in community-dwelling elderly people. However, these studies ignored the effects of patient-level confounders such as sex, age, and chronic diseases that could bias effectiveness estimates. We aimed to assess the confounder-adjusted effectiveness of influenza vaccines on laborator
PURPOSE: To analyze real-world graft survival and visual acuity outcomes of corneal transplantation in Europe. SETTING: Corneal clinics in 10 European Union member states, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland. DESIGN: Multinational registry study. METHODS: All corneal transplant procedures registered in the European Cornea and Cell Transplantation Registry (ECCTR) were identified. Graft survival of
BACKGROUND: HLA-DR4, a common antigen of HLA-DRB1, has multiple subtypes that are strongly associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, some are risk neutral or resistant. The pathobiological mechanism of HLA-DR4 subtypes remains to be elucidated.METHODS: We used a population-based case-control study of T1D (962 patients and 636 controls) to decipher genetic associations of HLA-DR4 subt
Cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain of bacteria and mitochondria couples the reduction of molecular oxygen to form water with the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient. Bacillus subtilis has two heme A-containing heme–copper oxidases: the menaquinol oxidase cytochrome aa3 and the cytochrome c oxidase cytochrome caa3. By screening three collections of mutants for defective cytochr
The study aims to explore the evil eye belief practices among Saraiki mothers in a village in South Punjab, Pakistan. This study unfolds three aspects of the evil eye phenomenon; first, the ‘diagnosis’ of the evil eye that constitute the ineffectiveness of the available modern medicine, second the socio-cultural nexus of folk medical system and unmanageable or unexplained threats, and third the pr
The maturation process that occurs in most viruses is evolutionarily driven as it resolves several conflicting virion assembly requirements. During herpesvirus assembly in a host cell nucleus, micron-long double-stranded herpes DNA is packaged into a nanometer-sized procapsid. This leads to strong confinement of the viral genome with resulting tens of atmospheres of intra-capsid DNA pressure. Yet,
Previous studies have shown an association between IQ and adaptive global functioning, i.e. how well a person is functioning in different domains of life. However, it is unclear to what extent such an association applies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The study group consisted of 550 population-screened children assessed with the K-SADS, WISC-IV, and the C-GAS. Approximately
Numerical modeling is an efficient tool for experimental validation and for gaining a deeper understanding of complex material phenomena, especially when causal relationships are overlaid by material variability. Wood is such a highly orthotropic and complex material, which in engineering problems however is considered as macro-homogeneous. The aim of this study is to numerically investigate stres
BACKGROUND:Lack of mental health literacy among rehabilitation professionals and employers in the return-to-work of persons with mental health problems resulted in the development of a three-day group training program, the Support to Employers from rehabilitation Actors about Mental health (SEAM) intervention.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of SEAM on rehabilitation professionals’ knowledge and b
Migraine is one of the most common of neurological disorders with a global prevalence of up to 15%. One in five migraineurs have frequent episodic or chronic migraine requiring prophylactic treatment. In recent years, specific pharmaceutical treatments targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signalling molecules have provided safe and effective treatments; monoclonal antibodies for prophy
This research is a case study of the social activism experiences of Ai Xiaoming, a literature professor, feminist, rights activist, and independent documentary filmmaker. The research addresses the broad struggle for recognition and representation of feminists, activists, independent filmmakers, public intellectuals and scholars in digital China. The analysis of her case has led to the creation of
Even prior to COVID-19, biosecurity was a significant issue for tourism, especially at national borders. Since personal nonpharmaceutical interventions can be effective for an individual’s health and psychological resilience during a pandemic, understanding tourists’ biosecurity behavior is essential given the broader relationship with traveling during COVID-19. However, existing research has not
This article explores how emotions connected to the Government’s handling of the Covid-19 outbreak in Sweden relates to behaviors to stop the spread of the virus, and which emotions functions as mediators in this relationship. The Swedish approach to handling the outbreak greatly differed from how many other Western European countries handled the situation and thus makes an important case to study
Background: Guidelines regarding whether tamoxifen should be prescribed based on women's cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes are conflicting and have caused confusion. This study aims to investigate if CYP2D6 metabolizer status isa associated with tamoxifen-related endocrine symptoms, tamoxifen discontinuation, and mammographic density change. Patients and methods: We used data from 1440 health
As an example of symmetry breaking in NEXAFS spectra of protonated species we present a high resolution NEXAFS spectrum of protonated dinitrogen, the diazynium ion N2H+. By ab initio calculations we show that the spectrum consists of a superposition of two nitrogen 1s absorption spectra, each including a π∗ band, and a nitrogen 1s to H+ charge transfer band followed by a weak irregular progression
Background: Coinfection of malaria and intestinal helminths affects one third of the global population, largely among communities with severe poverty. The spread of these parasitic infections overlays in several epidemiological locations and the host shows different outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determine the pooled prevalence of malaria and intestinal helminthiases coinfectio
Jet energy scale and resolution measurements with their associated uncertainties are reported for jets using 36–81 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed using two different input types: topo-clusters formed from energy deposits in calorimeter cells, as well as an algorithmic combination of c
