Filtyp
Background: Smoking is an important preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and many other diseases. Even though tobacco consumption is declining in Sweden, it is not declining in all groups. This study explored socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances hindering or facilitating smoking cessation in three birth cohorts of women from the general population. Methods: Between 1
The effects of continuous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) overexpression in the intact nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system was studied using recombinant lentiviral (rLV) vector delivery of GDNF to the striatum or substantia nigra (SN) in the rat. Intrastriatal delivery of rLV-GDNF resulted in significant overexpression of GDNF in the striatum (2-4 ng/mg tissue) and anterograde tr
The overarching aim of this thesis is to study the long term effects of a voluntary speed adaptation system, the Active Accelerator Pedal (AAP), and its effectiveness for different driver types. The papers making up this thesis are based on a study carried out on 284 vehicles and drivers in the Swedish city of Lund from 1999 until 2002. The results showed that the AAP brought a significant reducti
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a serious condition of growing proportions. Developing via an increasing imbalance between insulin sensitivity in the peripheral tissues and insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells, it ultimately renders the individual incapable of regulating the blood glucose concentration, e.g. after a meal. The increased prevalence of T2D is associated with an increase in the prevale
Today, as a rule, the most cost-effective way to remove nitrogen from municipal wastewater is the biological method based on nitrification and subsequent denitrification. All biological systems may be affected by toxicants, and biological nitrogen removal is no exception. An investigation of influent wastewaters from 109 Swedish municipal wastewater treatment plants was accomplished. Inhibitory s
Popular Abstract in Swedish Redan för 5000 år sedan i det antika Egypten användes ljus för att behandla vissa hudåkommor. Denna bortglömda kunskap återupptäcktes i början av förra seklet men fick inget riktigt genomslag. De senare årtiondenas framsteg inom kemi och fysik har återigen gjort ljusbehandling av sjukdomar högintressant. Speciellt upptäckten av lasern på 1960-talet har gjort att tillämpSince cancer continues to plague humanity there is large need for development of modalities for both diagnosis and therapy. Most of the currently available methods suffer from serious disadvantages. The treatments, e.g. ionising radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, may themselves induce malignancies or the patient may be physically impaired for a longer period of time. The work presented aims at dev
In this study, we present a way of controlling the formation of the two types of zeaxanthin aggregates in hydrated ethanol: J-zeaxanthin (head-to-tail aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 530 nm) and H-zeaxanthin (card-pack aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 400 run). To control whether J- or H-zeaxanthin is formed, three parameters are important: (1) pH, that is, the ability to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Respiratorbehandling är nödvändig då en patient på grund av kronisk eller akut lungsjukdom inte själv kan upprätthålla ett adekvat gasutbyte. Bakomliggande orsaker kan vara kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom, lunginflammation, blodförgiftning eller trauma. Respiratorbehandling kan i sig orsaka ytterligare skador på redan sjuka eller skadade lungor. Bland de faktorer som harIncreasing attention is paid to mechanical ventilation as one cause behind aggravation of lung injury. Lung protective ventilation can be achieved e.g. by minimising tidal lung collapse and re-expansion and by the use of small tidal volume allowing some degree of permissive hypercapnia. The ventilator and the sick lung comprise a very complex system. Identification of a ventilator setting that wit
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det ljus (fotonflöde) som solen sänder ut är grunden för biologiskt liv. Med denna strålning överförs en del av den frigjorda energin från solen till jordens biosfär, där växterna tar upp de energirika fotonerna och omvandlar fotonenergin till kemisk energi. Den kemiska energin lagras sedan som energirika molekyler som transporteras runt i de biologiska systemen för attA low volume and long optical path spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed and tested in a number of applications such as detection of direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and gold electrodes, determination of the formal potentials of redox centres in proteins and enzymes, as well as mechanistic studies of heterogeneous and intermolecular electron transfer of copper oxidases an
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cytokrom P450 är en grupp enzymer som introducerar alkoholgrupper i främst icke-vattenlösliga ämnen. Alkoholgupperna gör dessa föreningar mer vattenlösliga och känsliga för fortsatta reaktioner. Cytokrom P450-enzymer återfinns i de tre domäner allt levande kan indelas i: eukaryoter (djur, växter, svampar, protozoer m.m.), bakterier och arkeér (ett slags bakterier som skCytochromes P450 constitute a super-family of heme containing mixed function mono-oxygenases that is found in all branches of life. They introduce single oxygen atoms, mostly in the form of hydroxyl groups, into lipophilic substances and thereby render them more hydrophilic and susceptible to further reactions. Little is known about the bacterial cytochromes P450. I have in my thesis given an over
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kemi finns överallt omkring oss, både i vår omgivning såväl som inuti oss. Vi kanske inte alltid tänker på det, men kemiska processer påverkar oss dagligen och är en förutsättning för vår existens. Det kanske därför inte är så konstigt att människan alltid varit intresserad och fascinerad av just kemi. Ämnet kemi används dock inte bara för att förstå kemiska processer iA considerable part of all chemistry in nature and in industry occurs in solvents. Sol- vents affect both the interactions and the reactions of the particles immersed in them. The work in this thesis concerns the properties of ionic and polar solvents, as well as the interactions between solutes and/or dispersed particles. Molecular simulations and simple approximate theories were used to study th
We propose a pebble-driven core accretion scenario to explain the formation of giant planets around the late-M dwarfs of M∗=0.1-0.2 M⊙. In order to explore the optimal disk conditions for giant planet, we performed N-body simulations to investigate the growth and dynamical evolution of both single and multiple protoplanets in the disks with both inner viscously heated and outer stellar irradiated
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors put patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with variants of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Patients and parents of children with variants of TOF–CHD were aske
Objective: Supported education (SEd) provides individualized support to people with mental health problems to achieve their educational goals. Individual placement and support (IPS) has emerged as a model through which SEd may be efficiently delivered. However, the components and characteristics of educational support for these employment-focused services have not been fully explored. Building on
Background: Up to 40% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) present later than 12 hours after symptom onset. However, data on clinical outcomes in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) ≥12 hours after symptom onset are non-existent. We evaluated the association between primary PCI performed later than 12 hours after symptom onset
Migrating birds perform extreme endurance exercise when fly-ing. This shifts the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense system toward the former, potentially generating oxidative damages. In between migratory flights, birds make stopovers, where besides accumulat-ing fuel (mainly fats), they are assumed to rest and recover from the strenuous flight. W
Background: Antibody-mediated complement fixation has previously been associated with protection against malaria in naturally acquired immunity. However, the process of early-life development of complement-fixing antibodies in infants, both in comparison to their respective mothers and to other immune parameters, remains less clear. Results: We measured complement-fixing antibodies in newborns and
Purpose: Accuracy investigation of volumetric navigators for motion correction, with emphasis on geometric EPI distortions at ultrahigh field. Methods: High-resolution Dixon images were collected in different head positions and reconstructed to water, fat, T2*, and B0 maps. Resolution reduction was performed, and the T2* and B0 maps were used to apply effects of TE and EPI distortions to simulate
Valved conduit reconstruction between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary circulation is often necessary in the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of the three types of conduits we have used and assess risk factors for conduit failure. Retrospective, single-center review of 455 consecutive pediatric patients
Carbohydrate active enzymes are valuable tools in cereal processing to valorise underutilized side streams. By solubilizing hemicellulose and modifying the fibre structure, novel food products with increased nutritional value can be created. In this study, a novel GH5_34 subfamily arabinoxylanase from Herbinix hemicellulosilytica, HhXyn5A, was identified, produced and extensively characterize
