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Beviskrav är en bevisteoretisk term för att beskriva vilken styrka bevisningen måste ha för att ett rättsfaktum ska kunna läggas till grund för domen i ett mål. Beviskravet riktas mot den part som bär bevisbördan i målet. Syftet med framställningen är att utforska vilka intressen som ligger bakom beviskraven i ett urval av förvaltningsmål. Uppsatsen ämnar besvara vilka faktorer som avgör höjden pEvidentiary requirement is a term to describe which height of quality of evidence is needed for a dispositive fact to be put as a basis for a verdict. The evidentiary requirement is directed towards the party which bares the burden of proof in the case. The purpose of the presentation is to explore which interests that lay behind the evidentiary requirement in a selection of administrative law ca

The focus of this work has been to implement a generic netlist reduction engine to speed up circuit simulations. The netlist reduction techniques are further optimized for Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), wherein we exploit the repetitive pattern of the circuit. There are many driving factors for developing a netlist reduction engine for SRAM simulations. In today's System on Chip (SoC), S

En tredjedel av maten vi produceras slängs, mat som har tagit resurser och landyta i anspråk för att bli till. För att få bukt med det globala matsvinnet har FN satt ett hållbarhetsmål att halvera matsvinnet inom mathandel och hushåll till 2030. En faktor som kan kopplas till matsvinn är förpackningar. När de används korrekt förhindrar förpackningar matsvinn genom att ge skydd och ökad hållbarhet,

Empowerment is a concept and a method in social work associated with liberation from oppression. Some paradoxes inherent in the concept and method of empowerment, however, lead to questioning the contradiction between freedom and force that is usually framed by “empowerment”. This dissertation investigates how empowerment is created in a concrete language and an integration project directed toward

Background: HIV-positive women have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) compared to the HIV-negative women. Despite this, HIV and CC screening programs in many developing countries have remained disintegrated. Therefore, the objective of the study was to explore perceptions of healthcare providers (HCP) and policy makers (PM) about integration of HIV and CC screening services in U

The objectives of the work presented in this thesis have been to develop molecular methods for (i) detection of Clostridium botulinum in food and clinical samples, and (ii) monitoring the expression of the neurotoxin gene, cnt, during different growth phases and under different growth conditions. For the diagnosis of botulism, a real-time PCR-based method including an internal amplification contr

Many migratory bird species fly mainly during the night (nocturnal migrants), others during daytime (diurnal migrants) and still others during both night and day. Need to forage during the day, atmospheric structure, predator avoidance and orientation conditions have been proposed as explanations for the widespread occurrence of nocturnal migration. However, the general principles that determine t

I started with a rather superficial overview of some of the problems that medieval archaeologists have to face when they try to study marginal areas, marginal in the view of those who are living near the political and economic power on one level or another. We can formulate the problems in centre-periphery models but we have also discussed some kind of world system thinking (which of course is con

Popular Abstract in Swedish Björn Breidegards avhandling handlar om det specifika ingenjörskunnandets plats i rehabiliteringsteknisk forskning, både praktiskt, metodiskt och teoretiskt. För att de berörda människorna själva skall ha en reell möjlighet att resultatstyra behövs det en lyhördhet och att man kan prova sig fram. Detta kräver i sin tur ett top-down-orienterat arbete där varje del i det Based on the results of two rehabilitation engineering design projects, this thesis aims to present and analyze: ? What is required for genuine engineering knowledge and expertise to come into its own in rehabilitation engineering when the entire effort starts and ends with the person for whom it is intended. ? How the work of an engineer not only can improve the conditions for the actual d

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att ha tillgång till en världsbeskrivning under exekveringen av sensorstyrda robotsystem kan potentialen hos ett industriellt robotsystem avsevärt förbättras. Intellegent beslut kan baseras på den nominella informationen tillgänglig under planeringsstadiet och den nya informationen som erhålles från sensorer under körningen. Världsbeskrivningen kan då uppdateras kontinuTraditional off-line programming is not enough in order to use the full potential of virtual models and simulation system in industrial robot applications. The interface between off-line programming system and the robot controller is today restricted to program transfer. In this way a large amount of information is lost since typical robot programming languages is rather limited. If the virtual m

Background: Despite the fact that HIV-positive women carry an increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) in comparison with HIV-negative women, HIV and CC screening programs in many developing countries have remained unintegrated. The objective of this study is to explore perceptions and preferences of community members in Uganda, including women, men, and village health teams, regarding th

We study Hamming versions of two classical clustering problems. The Hamming radius p-clustering problem (HRC) for a set S of k binary strings, each of length n, is to find p binary strings of length n that minimize the maximum Hamming distance between a string in S and the closest of the p strings; this minimum value is termed the p-radius of S and is denoted by varrho. The related Hamming diamete

Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige insjuknar två barn i autoimmun diabetes (typ 1 diabetes) varje dag. Typ 1 diabetes (T1D) är en kronisk autoimmun sjukdom som kan få livshotande konsekvenser vid utebliven behandling. Sverige har den högsta incidensen av T1D i hela världen efter Finland. Förutom att den delvis är ärftlig vet man inte vilken eller vilka faktorer som triggar sjukdomen. Sedan mittType 1 diabetes (T1D) is strongly associated with autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A) and the most recently identified zinc T8 transporter (ZnT8A). Together or alone, they are important both to predict T1D and to classify diabetes at the time of clinical onset. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13266634 in th

Mental disorders are associated with premature mortality, and the magnitudes of risk have commonly been estimated using hospital data. However, psychiatric patients who are hospitalized have more severe illness and do not adequately represent mental disorders in the general population. We conducted a national cohort study using outpatient and inpatient diagnoses for the entire Swedish adult popula

We report on the first in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction study (SR-PXD) of the ammonolysis reaction of selected alkaline and alkaline earth metal hydrides (i.e., LiH, NaH, KH, MgH2, and CaH2). The investigation was performed using an in situ SR-PXD pressure cell at an initial NH3 pressure of 6.5 bar in a range of temperature between room temperature (RT) and 350 degrees C. The

Popular Abstract in Swedish Summary in swedish Perinatal dödlighet bland invandrare från Afrikas Horn. Vikten av erfarenhet, rationellt tänkande och traditioner vid riskbedömning av gravida invandrarkvinnor. Avhandlingen visar att barn till kvinnor i invandrargrupper från Afrika söder om Sahara (majoriteten från Somalia och Etiopien), har högre perinatal dödlighet jämfört med barn till svenska kThis thesis is an exploration of the possible effects of maternal country of origin on the risk of perinatal mortality (PNM). Increased risk of PNM was found among infants of foreign-born women delivering in a Swedish hospital between 1990-1995. After adjustment for risk factors, however, the finding only held true for a subgroup of women from Ethiopia and Somalia (ES). In searching for the mecha

Plants emit large quantities of isoprene and monoterpenes, the main components of global biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. BVOCs have an important impact on the atmospheric composition of methane, and of short-lived radiative forcing agents (e.g. ozone, aerosols etc.). It is therefore necessary to know how isoprene and monoterpene emissions have changed over the past and how fut

Extracorporeal adsorption (ECAT) is a novel strategy to reduce activity in whole body (WB), blood and radiosensitive organs by removing the excess of radiolabeled and biotinylated monoclonal antibody (MAb) from blood so that tumor/normal tissue ratio (T/N) could be improved. By increasing T/N, higher amounts of radiolabeled MAb might be administered, making it possible to treat disseminated carcin

We present an investigation of the quasibinary systems CoIn3-xZnx and CoGa3-xZnx which were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction experiments and, in the case of CoGa3-xZnx, additionally by neutron powder diffraction experiments. The limiting compositions were found to be x=0.81(2) and x=0.73(2) for COIn3-xZnx and CoGa3-xZnx, respectively. The isotypic binary compounds CoIn3 and CoGa3 cr

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var utforska de allra äldstas upplevelser av delaktighet och självständighet med speciellt fokus på hemmet och närmsta omgivningen. Dagens debatt om åldrandet handlar mestadels om kvaliten i vård och omsorg, dess kostnader men också om bristande omsorg. Även boendefrågor debatteras, men då är det oftast bristen på s k särskiThe current trend in Sweden is to support older people to remain living in their own homes as long as possible. Older people spend much of their daily life within the home and neighbourhood environment. It is well known that participation and independence is important in experiencing well being in old age. Thus from a health-promotion perspective it is interesting to uncover aspects within the hom