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Abstract in German Kurzbiographien zu 104 Lichenologen werden vorgestellt, beginnend mit der alten Zeit von Hoffmann im 18. Jahrhundert mit dem Schwerpunkt der Klassifizierung der Flechten, über das 19. Jahrhundert mit der Entdeckung der Flechtensymbiose durch Schwendener und Stahl, bis in die dynamische Periode des 20. Jahrhunderts mit ihrer enormen wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung. Eine neue GenerShort biographies of 104 lichenologists who have played a key role in the development of German lichenology are provided. These date from Hoffmann and the early days of lichen classification in the 18th century, through the 19th century with the discovery of the lichen symbiosis by Schwendener and Stahl, to the dynamic period of enormous scientific development of the 20th century. A significant bo

Background: Observational studies implicate higher dietary energy density (DED) as a potential risk factor for weight gain and obesity. It has been hypothesized that DED may also be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but limited evidence exists. Therefore, we investigated the association between DED and risk of T2D in a large prospective study with heterogeneity of dietary intake. Meth

Context: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Objective:The objective of the investigation was to study whether vildagliptin also improves α-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: The study was a single-center, double-blind, ra

Peptides derived from apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 have been previously used in vaccine preparations to treat atherosclerosis. Such vaccines have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic plaque development by 50 % in experimental animals, and this effect is associated with induction of T helper (Th)2 immune responses. In this study we immunised apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice with apoB-100-

Background: Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis through undefined molecular mechanisms. Hyperglycemia induces formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Anti-AGE-LDL autoantibodies favor atherosclerosis (AS) progression in humans, while anti oxidized LDL immunization inhibits AS in hypercholesterolemic, non-diabetic mice. We here investigated if AGE-

It has been suggested that the widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides threatens bees, but research on this topic has been surrounded by controversy. In order to synthesize which research approaches have been used to examine the effect of neonicotinoids on bees and to identify knowledge gaps, we systematically reviewed research on this subject that was available on the Web of Science and PubM

Agriculture's reliance on ecosystem services creates economic and ecological interdependencies between crop production and biodiversity. Interactions with mobile organisms are particularly complex because they depend on the spatial configuration of habitat at large scales. As such conserving habitat is likely to benefit multiple farmers whereas conservation costs are born individually, creating po

Background: Soils contain the largest stock of organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and changes in soil C stocks may significantly affect atmospheric CO2. A significant part of soil C is present in cultivated soils that occupy about 35 % of the global land surface. Agricultural intensification has led to practices that may decrease soil organic carbon (SOC), and agricultural management has

It is suggested that cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with regulated growth and development would be able to produce higher yields under water-limited conditions, which is crucial in future food production. Water use efficiency (WUE) is worthy of exploration in this regard. In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 40 and 80 kg Nha(-1)) and a plant growth retardant (Chl

Aims Inflammatory markers are established risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the role of autoimmune diseases is unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the association between coeliac disease (CD) and AF in a large cohort of patients with biopsy-verified CD. Methods and results We identified 28 637 patients with CD through biopsy reports (defined as Marsh 3: villous atrophy) from

Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with

Evidence on the association between dietary flavonoids and lignans and breast cancer (BC) risk is inconclusive, with the possible exception of isoflavones in Asian countries. Therefore, we investigated prospectively dietary total and subclasses of flavonoid and lignan intake and BC risk according to menopause and hormonal receptor status in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nu

Background. Uraemia increases oxidative stress, plasma titres of antibodies recognizing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and development of atherosclerosis. Immunization with oxLDL prevents classical, non-uraemic atherosclerosis. We have investigated whether immunization with oxLDL might also prevent uraemia-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice. Methods. ApoE

Background: Evidence from prospective studies on intake of meat and fish and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) is scarce. We prospectively investigated the association of meat and fish intake with risk of SCC of the UADT and the possible mechanism via heme iron in the large multicenter European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Recent research has shown that agricultural management affects microbial biomass and community composition. We investigated the functional implications of such effects in terms of barley biomass production and nutrient acquisition, and whether changes in barley nutrient status affected aphid fecundity. Soils were collected from conventional, ley and organic arable fields and used as inocula in a g

Bumblebee communities and their foraging resources were surveyed in south Swedish agricultural landscapes of contrasting complexity, defined by the size of arable fields and the amount of permanent grazed pastures. After the flowering of oilseed rape (OSR), simplified landscapes contained substantially less herbaceous flower resources and a lower proportion of perennials, compared to complex ones.

Compared to food patterns, nutrient patterns have been rarely used particularly at international level. We studied, in the context of a multi-center study with heterogeneous data, the methodological challenges regarding pattern analyses.

Although much attention has focused on the diversity of plant mating systems, only a few studies have considered the joint effects of mating system and sexual conflict in plant evolution. In mixed-mating Collinsia heterophylla, a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity is proposed: pollen with a capacity to induce early onset of stigma receptivity secures paternity for early-arriving pol

Glucose levels 2 h after an oral glucose challenge are a clinical measure of glucose tolerance used in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We report a meta-analysis of nine genome-wide association studies (n = 15,234 nondiabetic individuals) and a follow-up of 29 independent loci (n = 6,958-30,620). We identify variants at the GIPR locus associated with 2- h glucose level (rs10423928, beta (s.e.m.)