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I Sverige har alla former av könsstympning varit förbjudna sedan 1982 då könsstympningslagen (1982:316) trädde i kraft. Lagen förbjuder enligt sin ordalydelse alla ingrepp i de kvinnliga yttre könsorganen som görs i syfte att stympa eller åstadkomma andra bestående förändringar av dem. Att förbudet är mycket brett utformat, och att det till sin språkliga utformning även omfattar estetiskt motiveraFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is prohibited in Sweden under the Act Pro-hibiting Female Genital Mutilation (1982:316). The law forbids all procedures performed on the female external genitalia with the aim to mutilate or perma-nently change them. The fact that the law, due to its wording, also prohibits surgical procedures which are performed for aesthetic reasons – known as female genital cosme

In response to the attacks carried out by the Houthi rebels in the Red Sea and the illegal invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the European Union has been using restrictive and coercive measures potentially violating international law. Since the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations do not offer any provisions on the use of countermeasures by international organsiations ag

När två eller flera faktorer samverkar till en skada uppstår i försäkringsrätten en fråga om vem som ska bära det ekonomiska ansvaret för skadan. Detta gäller särskilt när en orsak omfattas av försäkringen medan den andra orsaken är undantagen försäkringsskydd, annars faller utanför försäkringen eller om- fattas av en annan försäkring. Uppsatsen har utifrån praxis och litteratur kun- nat identifieWhen two or more risks cause an injury, question arises in insurance law who should bear the responsibility for the injury. This is particularly the case when one risk is covered by the insurance whereas the other risk is excluded, oth- erwise not covered or covered by another insurance. Through studies of case law and literature, this essay has found that there are three viable solutions. The dom

Aims: Ventricular longitudinal function measured as basal-apical atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) or global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a potent predictor of mortality and could potentially be a predictor of heart failure-associated morbidity. We hypothesized that low AVPD and GLS are associated with the combined endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure-associated morbidit

Säkerhetsläget i Europa har förändrats drastiskt under de senaste åren, med de två största förändringarna i Rysslands invasion av Ukraina, och NATO:s expandering med Sverige och Finland som nya medlemsstater. Den ökade militariseringen i Europa har också resulterat i att en gammal fråga nu igen dykt upp i den allmänna debatten, nämligen frågan om Åland borde remili-tariseras i syfte att säkra ÖsteThe security in Europe has changed dramatically during recent years, with the two most significant changes being Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and NATO:s expansion with Sweden and Finland as new member states. The increasing militarization in Europe has also brought back an old question into the public debate, namely if the Åland islands should be re-militarized with the purpose of securing the Ba

Under senare år har regeringen intensifierat arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck genom flera lagstiftningsreformer. Bland de senaste åtgärderna återfinns kriminaliseringen av oskuldskontroller, oskuldsintyg och oskulds-ingrepp. Regeringen har framhållits att dessa företeelser kränker flickors och kvinnors kroppsliga och sexuella integritet. I samband med en kriminalisering aktualiserasIn recent years, the Swedish Government has intensified its efforts to combat honour-related violence and oppression through several legislative reforms. Among the most recent measures is the criminalization of virginity testing, virginity certificates and virginity-restoring procedures. The Swedish Gov-ernment has emphasized that these practices violate the bodily and sexual in-tegrity of girls a

Importance Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes have higher subsequent cardiovascular risks, but their long-term risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and potential causality are unclear. A better understanding of such risks is needed to identify women with high risk early in life and guide interventions to prevent AF and its complications. Objective To determine long-term risks of AF associated with

The capacity to assemble, store, and make available information in databases is ever growing. This development has accelerated in recent decades, driven by the advent and increased use of digital networks. Already at an early stage, it led to demands for legal protection of databases. In most countries databases have been protected in national legislation based on copyright principles. However, th

In this study we present a new aqueous two-phase system where both polymers are thermoseparating. In this system it is possible to recycle both polymers by temperature induced phase separation, which is an improvement of the aqueous two-phase system previously reported where one of the polymers was thermoseparating and the other polymer was dextran or a starch derivative. The polymers used in this

Sammanfattning Denna uppsats behandlar formkravet i svensk rätt, speciellt formkravet och avtalsbundenhet i samband med att fast egendom överlåts och parterna skriver under köpehandlingar vid olika tidpunkter. Överlåtelse av fast egendom undantas från AvtL:s bestämmelser eftersom det är ett formalavtal som regleras lex specialis i 4:1 JB. Anledningen till att överlåtelse av fast egendom inte kunSummary This paper deals with the form requirement from the perspective of Swedish law, especially the form requirement, contractual rights and obligations in the situation when immovable property has been transferred and the parties have not concurrently signed the purchase documents. Transfer of immovable property is an exception from AVTL's rules because it is a special contract managed b

Det har på senare tid skett framsteg inom neurovetenskaplig forskning som skapat möjligheter för ett nytt ämnesområde inom juridiken, neurojuridik. Forskningen om neurojuridik sker främst i USA och en särskilt omdebatterad fråga där är om neurovetenskapliga lögndetektorer ska få användas i straffprocessen. Det finns även två privata bolag i USA som för närvarande lanserar den neurovetenskapliga löThe recent developments in neuroscience research have made it possible for a new field to emerge within law, neurolaw. Most of the research on neurolaw takes place in the United States and one intensively debated issue there is whether or not neuroscience-based lie detection should be allowed in criminal cases. There are currently two American private companies advertising the neuroscience-based l

Virtual pedagogical agents (VPAs), i.e. computer generated characters in pedagogical roles, populate the digital society in increasing numbers. They are found in educational programs from preschool to university. In a broader educational context, they function as virtual medical counsellors, physical exercise coaches and guides on city web pages – and they also appear in edutainment and infotainme

Interaction is an integral part of all music. Interaction is part of listening, of playing, of composing and even of thinking about music. In this thesis the multiplicity of modes in which one may engage interactively in, through and with music is the starting point for rethinking Human-Computer Interaction in general and Interactive Music in particular. I propose that in Human-Computer interactio

The major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) genes are highly polymorphic and the proteins that they encode play a crucial role in both the innate and the adaptive immune response. A MHC-I molecule consists of three parts, one polymorphic heavy chain, one invariant light chain, β2-microglobulin and a peptide of usually between 8-11 amino acids in length. The maturation and quality control of MHC-I

An important factor for a user of web sites on the Internet is the duration of time between the request of a web page until an answer has been returned. If this response time is too long, the user is likely to abandon the web site and search for other providers of the service. To avoid this loss of users, it is important for the web site operator to assure that users are treated sufficiently fast.

Landfilling in "cells" has become more common in recent years. Different waste streams are guided to different cells, among which the biocell is a landfill designed for biogas production. In this thesis, the dependence of biogas generation on waste composition was investigated. Six 8,000 m3 test cells, with contents ranging from mainly commercial waste to pure domestic waste and equipped with gas

Popular Abstract in Swedish Polyomavirus är en familj av små DNA-virus som har onkogena egenskaper i försöksdjur i celler in vitro. De humana polyomavirusen BK virus (BKV) och JC virus (JCV) infekterar en stor del av befolkningen. Ungefär 70-80 % av vuxna är seropositiva, har antikroppar mot BKV och JCV. Primär infektion inträffar oftast under barndomen och är ofta subklinisk. Efter primära infektThe human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV are endemic and infect > 70% of population worldwide. Primary infections occur during childhood and are largely subclinical. Following primary infection, both viruses persist as latent infections in the kidneys and B lymphocytes. Under conditions of severe immunosuppression like leukaemia, organ transplantation and AIDS, the viruses can reactivate and cause dis

The research described in this thesis, focuses on some activities on the demand side that could reduce peak load in electricity system by using consumer flexibility i.e. by increasing the demand side response to signals coming from the energy market. The major objective is to test and analyse different strategies to reduce peak load at the demand side considering their techno-economic, environment

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kvinnomisshandel är ett ärende som skiljer sig från andra polisärenden genom att det beskrivs som svårt att hantera. Polismän säger sig vilja agera men på grund av olika svårigheter - organisation, lagstiftning, de inblandades inställning - är man förhindrad att ingripa. I Vilja med förhinder låter Magnus Lundberg polismännen komma till tals. Genom åskådliggörande exempPolice officers often talk about wife abuse as a practical problem in their work situation. This problem is often used to explain why the officers do not file a complaint when they have reason to believe that a woman has been abused, something they are obliged to do according to Swedish law. One may approach these explanations as reflections of “reality”, as expressions of complicated work conditi

"The Glittering Misery" has treated certain aspects of Swedish society during the decades around the turn of the 19th Century. The enlisted men of the Crown Prince´s Hussar Regiment in Malmö have been utilised as a means by which to analyse society at this point in time. Questions which have been answered are: who the hussars were and what sort of life did they lead? What form did the relationship