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Summary The EU and the Member States are concerned about VAT fraud and they consider it necessary to reduce the gap the VAT fraud makes. The purpose of this thesis is to describe three methods that are used in the fight against VAT fraud. Those methods are the reverse charge mechanism, joint and several liability and the knowledge test. Those methods are described, defined how they are used and wh
Nowadays more and more mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) are entering European market and they are considered to be mostly a European phenomenon. This is the best opportunity for telecommunication companies to expand without investments in network constructing and buying expensive licenses and also an opportunity for brand non-telco companies to enter telecommunication market. This research
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that degrades articular cartilage and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Overweight has been considered a major risk factor of knee OA, and it is known that weight loss may reduce the risk of knee OA. The biomechanical mechanisms of how weight loss affects knee cartilage are however unknown. Evaluating the biomechanics of cartilage
Inom modern investeringsrätt existerar sedan länge en konflikt mellan extensiva investeringsskyddsregler och värdländers allmänna intressen, och numera med exklusiv kompetens att sluta de internationella investeringsavtal som tangerar denna motsättning söker EU skydda de senare genom traktatens utformning. Som nödvändigt komplement till sådana konstruktioner menar dock förespråkare för allmänna inAt the heart of modern investment law it has since long resided a conflict between extensive investment protection norms and public policy interests of host states. After receiving exclusive competence to conclude international investment agreements governing this interrelation, the EU has tried to cater for those latter objectives through the design of these agreements. Yet in addition to treaty
Jordens havsnivå förändras ständigt och dessa förändringar kan ha olika orsaker: i ett längre geologiskt tidsperspektiv är det processer i jordens inre som påverkar havsnivån, men i ett kortare perspektiv spelar till exempel tillväxten och avsmältningen av inlandsisar stor roll. Under kvartärtiden har den sistnämnda processen varit den dominerande vad gäller att påverka havsnivåerna: vid istider hResults from an investigation of relative sea-level changes from c. 11,000 cal. yr BP to the present in the Tasiusaq area, Inner Bredefjord, southwest Greenland, are presented in this thesis. Isolation sequences from two small lakes have been identified using stratigraphic analyses, XRF-scanning, loss on ignition and macrofossil analyses. Macrofossil and bulk samples have been dated in order to e
When designing large complex steel structures numerical calculation methods are always used to some extent. The simulation technology of today is advanced and can with proper modeling technique provide detailed analyses which captures the structural response accurately. For most projects it is not reasonable to analyze a complete structure in exact detail and therefore simplified methods are used
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer i urinblåsan är ett stort hälsoproblem i Sverige och världen. Det är den femte vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige och är den som belastar sjukvården med högst kostnader per patient. Ungefär tre fjärdedelar av de drabbade är män och patienterna är oftast kring 60-80 år gamla. Den behandling vi idag kan erbjuda en person som drabbas av blåscancer har inte förändratsDecisions in the treatment of bladder cancer today are based on clinical and pathological risk variables such as tumor stage and tumor grade. The importance of these conventional risk variables is well documented since more than 10 years, and they are used routinely in the clinics. Over the last ten years, cancer research has seen a gradual transition towards personalized medicine, i.e. the exploi
Warehouses are critical nodes in a supply chain, providing a valuable interface between supply and demand. One aspect that warehouse operations struggle with is errors which, if not addressed, will impact the customers downstream from the warehouse. One of the ways to address errors in warehouses is through technology, such as automation of processes, though these are not always effective. A new t
To mitigate climate change and reach Sweden’s goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2045, or at an earlier stage of 2030 for 23 Swedish cities, urgent action is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the building sector’s significant contribution to carbon emissions, a crucial aspect in achieving these goals is improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings, as most of these will
In the future atmospheric CO2 concentrations might exceed 550 ppm according to the RCP8.5 scenario by mid-century from our current 410 ppm, while our world population is projected to surpass the 9.7 billion threshold within the same time span. This challenge leads to the raising of questions addressing future food security. Elevated CO2 has been shown to not only increase photosynthetic rates in
Unsafe food consumption is an alarming issue worldwide which is linked to the fatalities of two million people annually. Such unsafe food intertwines with the right to health of consumers in a way that every individual is ubiquitously a consumer at one point in their life and safe food is one of the determinants of the right to health. Hence, the right to safe food and the right to health of consu
The access to safe and clean drinking water is a major concern throughout the world. Surface water has become the most common source for raw water, when large quantities of groundwater often are inaccessible, and as surface water requires more treatment, simple, cheap and efficient process methods are necessary. Turbidity removal is essential for treatment of surface water and is often carried out
Electricity demand in southern Sweden is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. More electric cars, cleaner industries, and the phase-out of fossil fuels will require much larger amounts of electricity than today. At the same time, Skåne currently produces only part of the electricity it consumes and depends heavily on electricity imports from other regions and neighbouring coun
An Age-Related Exponential Decline in the Risk of Multiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood An Age-Related Exponential Decline in theRiskofMultiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2122 OBJECTIVE Islet autoimmunity develops before clinical type 1 diabetes and includes multiple and single autoantibody phenotypes. The objective was to
https://www.teddy.lu.se/sites/teddy.lu.se/files/2021-11/127_MP237_Bonifacio_Diab%20Care_2021.pdf - 2026-07-04
Cirka 10 till 15 procent av befolkningen visar hög mottaglighet för hypnotiska suggestioner. Dessa personer kan uppleva djupgående förändringar i affekt, kognition och perception till följd av särskilda hypnotiska suggestioner. Även om de påvisar liknande nivåer av mottaglighet för hypnotiska suggestioner på standardiserade mått, så har det vid upprepade tillfällen konstaterats att personer med höIndividuals who exhibit high hypnotic suggestibility are a heterogeneous population. Although they display uniformity on standard measures of hypnotic suggestibility, such individuals have been repeatedly found to display marked differences in a variety of dimensions of hypnotic responding, in their cognitive and experiential response to a hypnotic induction, and in different cognitive functions g
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Planera dagsutflykten och upplev mer av Island. Island med sina aktiva vulkaner och stora glaciärer är ett populärt turistmål och antalet turister ökar år från år. Flertalet av de 350 000 utländska turister som årligen besöker Island anländer med flyg till huvudstaden Reykjavik. Från huvudstaden anordnas dagsutflykter genom en rad olika researrangörer. Man kan äIceland with its active volcanoes and big glaciers is a popular place for tourists and the number of tourists increases yearly. The majority of the 350 000 foreign tourists that visit Iceland each year arrive by plane to the capital city Reykjavik. Many different tour operators arrange day tours from the city. One can also plan day tours oneself and use a rental car. Increasing numbers of tourists
Scope: This European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to support a selection of appropriate antibiotic use practices for patients seen in the emergency department (ED) and guidance for their implementation. The topics addressed in this guideline are (a) Do biomarkers or rapid pathogen tests improve antibiotic prescribing and
Identification of Non-HLA Genes Associated with Celiac Disease and Country-Specific Differences in a Large, International Pediatric Cohort RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification of Non-HLA Genes Associated with Celiac Disease and Country-Specific Differences in a Large, International Pediatric Cohort Ashok Sharma1, Xiang Liu2, David Hadley2,3, William Hagopian4, Edwin Liu5, Wei- Min Chen6, Suna Onengut-G
https://www.teddy.lu.se/sites/teddy.lu.se/files/2021-11/55%2006032016_679_55_Sharma_PlosOne_2016.pdf - 2026-07-04
01282026_679_Pub181_MP260_Lynch_Sci Rpts_2025.pdf Microbial associations and viruses on the risk of celiac disease (MAVRiC): a longitudinal post-hoc case-cohort study Kristian F. Lynch1, EricW.Triplett2, Heikki Hyöty3,4, Angelica P. Ahrens2, Jutta E. Laiho3, Joseph F. Petrosino5, Richard E. Lloyd5 & Daniel Agardh6 Celiac disease etiopathogenesis requires genetic predisposition and exposure to glu
https://www.teddy.lu.se/sites/teddy.lu.se/files/2026-02/Pub181%20Lynch_Sci%20Rpts_2025.pdf - 2026-07-04
