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Experimental studies on protein dynamics at atomic resolution by NMR-spectroscopy in solution require isolated 1H-X spin pairs. This is the default scenario in standard 1H-15N backbone experiments. Side chain dynamic experiments, which allow to study specific local processes like proton-transfer, or tautomerization, require isolated 1H-13C sites which must be produced by site-selective 13C labelin
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million men and women from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessm
The purposes of this thesis are to provide a credible picture of the institutional transformation that I allege is taking place in the field of management education in Poland and to widen the field of application of institutional theory by applying it to the field of management education in Poland. In the study I conceptualise management education as an organisation field. The theoretical framewor
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hos järnvägsfordon ger den låga friktionen mellan hjul och räls upphov till långa bromssträckor, i allmänhet längre än lokförarens siktsträcka. Om föraren påbörjar en inbromsning först när han ser ett hinder på spåret kan det vara för sent. Säker järnvägstrafik kan därför inte enbart lita till föraren, utan det måste också finns ett överordnat signalsystem, ofta i kombiIn railway traffic the low friction between wheel and rail causes long braking distances, normally much longer than the sight distance of the driver, i.e. if the driver starts the braking when a problem on the track is discovered, it might be too late to brake the train. Therefore, safe railway traffic can not only rely on the driver. It is necessary to have a signalling or even an automatic surve
The aim of this study is to examine a possible fusion of the different legal regimes applicable to international and non-international armed conflicts. The thesis points at different means of rendering the provisions of the Geneva Conventions applicable to conflicts which appear to be non-international. The Conventions are interpreted according to the provisions on interpretation of treaties in th
Novel materials in microfluidics can enable innovative applications, price reductions, higher efficiency, and increased availability. In this thesis, I examine polymer materials for acoustofluidic applications, and find several functioning, and promising, materials and designs. Microfluidics involves manipulating small volumes of fluids for novel applications, and acoustofluidics describes the ap
Principerna om oskyldighetspresumtion och fri bevisprövning existerar med det gemensamma målet att nå så pass materiellt korrekta domar som möjligt. Dessa två rättssäkerhetsprinciper hamnar på ytan i konflikt med varandra när den tilltalade använder sig av sin rätt att tiga för att undvika att belasta sig själv; tystnaden får inte tolkas negativt för den tilltalade, men domstolen är å andra sidan The principles of presumption of innocence and free evaluation of evidence share a common raison d’être in their strife to produce as materially proper judgements as possible. However, these two principles of rule of law seemingly appear to conflict when a suspect exercises his right to remain silent in order to avoid self-incrimination; a suspect’s silence may not be interpreted negatively as evi
Sammanfattning Denna uppsats redogör för barnpornografibrottets barndefinitions utveckling från dess tillkomst och fram till 2010 års reform. Definitionen av barn och ett införande av en bestämd 18 års gräns har varit föremål för diskussion i tidigare förarbeten. Pornografin avkriminaliserades i Sverige i början av 1970 talet och tanken var att endast nödvändiga inskränkningar skulle få göras i Summary This paper describes the childpornographyoffense´s child definition and its development from its inception and until the reform 2010. The definition of children and the introduction of a fixed18-year limit have been discussed in earlier legislative history. Pornography was decriminalized in Sweden in the early 1970s, and the idea was that only necessary restrictions would have to be made
Over the years, much ink has been spilled in the debate on standing of NGOs before the EU courts. This issue has been the object of particular consideration following the ruling in the Greenpeace case where the General Court denied the NGO in question standing on the basis that it did not ‘adduce any special circumstances to demonstrate the individual interest of their members’. Considering that e
Today, one of the most important questions around the world is that of climate change and the battle against carbon emissions. Wind power has proven to be the most successful option among renewable energy sources, and it is a crucial tool in the race to cut our carbon emissions and to safe security of supply within the EU. Until now, most of the development has occurred onshore, but offshore wind
INTRODUCTION: Thorough treatment planning is essential for a good clinical outcome in orthognathic treatment. The planning is often digital. Both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) software options are available. The aim of this randomized 2-arm parallel double-blinded active-controlled clinical trial was to compare the outcomes of computer-based 2D and 3D planning techniques according to p
It’s been known that checking of construction documents has become worse over time. There’s a lot to get done in a very short period of time and many therefore choose to do a sloppy checking or no checking at all. Checking of construction documents is done to ensure quality. Checking include both strength, building technics and technical drawing. External checking was the standard over 20 years ag
The median age for Swedish earth embankment dams is about 60 years. Due to its longevity, one of the major concerns is the internal erosion causing increased seepage through the dam, which ultimately may increases the risk for dam failure. To meet this challenge, there is a need for improved monitoring methods. This in turn requires sensors to be installed inside the earth embankment dams in order
When society adjusts its energy supply to include environmentally friendly, fossilfree alternatives such as solar energy and hydrogen storage, clarity is needed regarding laws, rules, and standards. These have not really caught up with the development in technology and the growing interest that exists in this field. This work wants to answer the question regarding what the legal prerequisites and
Framställningen tar upp sambandet mellan skälighet och den gemensamma partsviljan inom ramen för jämkning och avtalstolkning. Frågeställningarna innefattar främst i vilken mån som partsviljan beaktas inom ramen för jämkning, samt i vilken mån skälighetsöverväganden görs inom ramen för avtalstolkning. Detta analyseras sedan i förhållande till grundläggande avtalsrättsliga principer som avtalsfrihetThe thesis addresses the relationship between unreasonableness and the common will of the party within the assessment of unreasonableness within Article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act and the interpretation of contracts. The main focus lies with to what extent the courts within their assessment of a contract’s reasonableness consider the common will of the contracting parties, and to what extent
An object in an external magnetic field will be magnetized and the degree of magnetization is dependent of the magnetic susceptibility of the object. The local magnetic field inside and around an object in the MR scanner will change due to the magnetization of the object. The phase shift is proportional to the local magnetic field, which means that phase images hold information about the susceptib
Att ha lekmän i domstolar är en tradition i svensk rätt som kan dateras till 800 år tillbaka i tiden. Att låta medborgare närvara i domstolar ansågs utgöra ett skydd mot att statsapparaten skulle missbruka rätten. Medborgarna som deltar i domstolens arbete kallas nämndemän, vilket är helt vanliga medborgare utan juridisk utbildning. Hur mycket inflytande nämndemännen haft över dömandet har varieraTo have lay judges present in our courts is an concept that dates back 800 years in our legal history. Having normal citizens in the court was regarded as a protection from the states potential misuse of power. The lay judges did not have any form of law education. How much influence the lay judges have had over the administration of justice has varied over the years. In today´s system they have t
Viktigt för rättssäkerheten i Sverige är att ingen ska kunna dömas oskyldig och att medborgare anklagade för brott ska betraktas som oskyldiga till dess att motsatsen bevisats. Misstag sker dock och därför finns regler kring resning i brottmål till förmån för den tilltalade i 58 kap. 2 § Rättegångsbalken (RB). Rättelse kan därmed nås genom att den dömde begär resning och på så sätt får sin dom ompIt is of importance that citizen’s accused of crime is seen as innocent until proven guilty and no one should be innocently convicted. But mistakes happen and therefor there are rules for granting convicted citizens a new trial in 58 kap. 2 § Rättegångsbalken (RB). It is essential in a legal certain society that a verdict which has gained legal force is not easily removed, but as previously menti
Textile waste presents significant harm to the environment, prompting the development of advanced textile recycling technologies. One such process recycles cellulosic fibers using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at certain hydration levels to dissolve the cellulose, which is later precipitated by the addition of water and can be re-spun into new fibers. However, this process uses large amounts of zinc chl
I entreprenadprojekt är förändringar under kontraktstiden ofta nödvändiga till följd av projektens tekniska komplexitet, långa genomförandetid och de många osäkerhetsmoment som präglar bygg- och anläggningsarbeten. Det är sällan möjligt att i förväg förutse alla arbeten som kommer att behöva utföras. För att hantera behovet av flexibilitet innehåller standardavtalet AB 04 särskilda bestämmelser omIn construction projects, changes during the contract period are often necessary due to the technical complexity of the projects, their long duration, and the numerous uncertainties inherent in construction work. Foreseeing all the work that will need to be carried out is rarely possible. To accommodate the need for flexibility, the standard agreement General Conditions of Contract for Building an
