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Background: Different foods can modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in persons already affected by metabolic alterations. The objective of this study was to assess, in healthy overweight individuals, the impact of a diet combining multiple functional concepts on risk markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Methods: Fourty-four healthy women and men (50-73 y.o, BMI 25-33, fasting
This thesis consists of an introduction and four self-contained chapters that address issues of how organizations and institutions should be designed in order to provide adequate incentives and enable coordination. The first essay uses a multi-task principal-agent model to examine two reasons why coordination problems are common when public sector organizations share responsibilities: the incenti
Background: The health status of individuals is determined by multiple factors operating at both micro and macro levels and the interactive effects of them. Measures of health inequalities should reflect such determinants explicitly through sources of levels and combining mean differences at group levels and the variation of individuals, for the benefits of decision making and intervention plannin
Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to produce a change in the political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of a state whilst targeted sanctions are directed at a state’s individuals. This thesis discusses the application of economic sanctions against Iran by the UN, the EU and the United States. Econ
Background: Real-world data on long-term outcomes of vedolizumab (VDZ) are scarce. Objective: To assess long-term outcomes (up to 3 years) of VDZ in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Design: A nationwide, prospective multicentre extension of a Swedish observational study on VDZ assessing Effectiveness And Healthcare resource utilization in patients with IBD (SVEAH). Methods: After re-cons
Increased wealth and per capita energy use have transformed lives and shaped societies, but energy poverty remains a global challenge. Previous research has shown positive relationships among metrics of health and happiness and economic indices such as income and gross domestic product and between energy use and human development. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive assessment has examined
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). OSA that occurs predominantly during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep has been identified as a specific phenotype (REM-predominant OSA) in sleep clinic cohorts. We aimed to examine the association of REM-predominant OSA with excessive sleepiness, functional outcomes, mood, and quality of life in a CAD cohort, of wh
OBJECTIVE: To clarify, using an extended adoption design, the sources of parent-offspring transmission for anxiety disorder (AD) and its major subforms and their familial cross-generational relationship with major depression (MD). METHODS: Offspring (born 1960-1992) and their parents, from six family types (intact, not-lived-with biological father or mother, lived-with step-father or step-mother,
Background: Sexual harassment (SH) in the workplace is prevalent and associated with poor health. Universities are large workplaces with complex formal and informal power relations, which may influence the prevalence of SH. Although employees and students share the university context, few studies on SH have included both groups. The overall aim of the study was to investigate SH among employees an
Background: A comprehensive assessment of morbidity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) performed in childhood remains understudied. Methods: Seven hundred eighty-nine allogeneic BMT recipients who had survived ≥2 years after BMT performed between 1974 and 2014 at age <22 years and 690 siblings completed a 255-item survey self-reporting sociodemographics and chronic health condition
Background: Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration are central contributors to the pathogenesis and progression of parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, identification and validation of biomarkers reflecting pathological synaptic alterations are greatly needed and could be used in prognostic assessment and to monitor treatment effects. Objective: To explore candidate biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction
Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an emerging and potentially life-saving procedure, necessitating qualified operators in an increasing number of centres. The procedure shares technical elements with other vascular access procedures using the Seldinger technique, which is mastered by doctors not only in endovascular specialties but also in trauma surg
Background: The Finnish Shaft of the Humerus (FISH) trial compared open reduction and internal plate fixation (ORIF) with functional bracing in adult patients with displaced, closed humeral shaft fractures. Here, we compare the results of the patients in the randomized clinical trial (RCT [the randomized cohort]) with those of the cohort of patients who were also eligible but declined randomizatio
High-Arctic environments are facing an elevated pace of warming and increasing human activities, making them more susceptible to the introduction and spread of alien species. We investigated the role of human disturbance in facilitating the spread of a native plant (Papaver dahlianum) in a high-Arctic natural environment close to Isfjord Radio station and along adjacent hiking trails at Kapp Linné
Purpose: Paleolithic Diet Fraction (PDF) estimates how large a portion of the absolute dietary intake stems from food groups included in the Paleolithic diet. In randomized controlled trials higher PDFs have been associated with healthier levels of cardiometabolic risk markers. Our aim was to build upon these findings by examining associations between PDF and mortality and incidence of cardiometab
The novel method of modification of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes is proposed. This method involves the use of aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acid (PAA) of different molecular weights (Mn=5.1×103 g·mol–1, Mn=490×103 g·mol–1) as a coagulant in non-solvent induced phase inversion process (NIPS). Addition of PAA (0.05–1.5 wt%) to the coagulation bath leads to marked changes in pe
This mapping provides an overview of different types of arenas where the two concepts Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and Blue Carbon (BC) are discussed. EbA has been defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as “The use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change.” (CBD, 2009). BC
AIMS: Failure of healing is a well-known problem after repair of the rotator cuff. This study aimed to investigate if early repair of trauma-related full-thickness rotator cuff tears (FTRCTs) could prevent this failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective trial, 62 consecutive patients (14 women (23%), 48 men (77%); median age 61 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54 to 65)) with trauma-relate
BACKGROUND: Accumulating studies reported that several phosphodiesterases (PDEs) inhibitors might have cardiovascular benefits.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the relationship between genetically-predicted PDEs and ischemia heart disease via drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, and then examine the effect of inhibitors of identified target on the outcomes by using real-world
Potato protein is an industrial side product with highly desirable properties which can be utilized if the toxic glycoalkaloids can be removed in a gentle way which doesn’t damage the protein. The challenge within this project is to find an extraction technique efficient enough to remove the toxic glycoalkaloids, but still mild enough to preserve the protein from denaturation. Supercritical CO2 ex
