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Background: The FRAX® algorithm quantifies a patient's 10-year probability of a hip or major osteoporotic fracture without taking an individual's balance into account. Balance measures assess the functional ability of an individual and the FRAX® algorithm is a model that integrates the individual patients clinical risk factors [not balance] and bone mineral density. Thus, clinical balance measures

First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a delay within the AV conduction system and is defined as a prolongation of the PR interval beyond the upper limit of what is considered normal (generally 0.20 s). Up until recently, first-degree AV block was considered an entirely benign condition. In fact, some complain that it is a misnomer since there is only delay and no actual block in the AV condu

This study investigated cold weather safety footwear and the possible thermal effects of steel toe caps in footwear. Two boot models were manufactured and used in two variants - with (As and Ws) and without (An and Wn) steel toe cap. The boot insulation was measured with an artificial, heated foot (AHF). Experiments with 6 male subjects with boots Ws and Wn consisted of sitting for 60 minutes at -

This thesis explores the interactions between cells and nanowires, to increase our understanding of how cells are affected and how they can be manipulated by these one-dimensional, semiconductor crystals (lengths 1-10 µm, diameters <100 nm). These are much smaller than most mammalian cells (10-30 µm in diameter), and it is generally held that nanowires can be interfaced with cells without adverse

The present study aimed to estimate possible differences in upper body muscular load between male and female house painters performing identical work tasks. Sex-related differences in muscular load may help explain why women, in general, have more musculoskeletal complaints than men. In a laboratory setting, 16 male and 16 female house painters performed nine standardised work tasks common to hous

We constructed hydrodynamical model atmospheres for mid M-type main-,as well as pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects. Despite the complex chemistry encountered in these cool atmospheres a reasonably accurate representation of the radiative transfer is possible, even in the context of time-dependent and three-dimensional models. The models provide detailed information about the morphology of M-type gran

Measurements based on a large number of red giant stars suggest a broad metallicity distribution function (MDF) for the Galactic bulge, centered on [Fe/H] approximate to -0.1. However, recently, a new opportunity emerged to utilize temporary flux amplification (by factors of similar to 100 or more) of faint dwarf stars in the Bulge which are gravitationally lensed, making them observable with high

This work investigates the prospective impacts of climate change on wind-driven rain (WDR) and walls through simulating the hygrothermal performance of rain screen of common vertical wall constructions for the climatic conditions of Gothenburg in Sweden. While a substantial amount of work has been done on the impact of climate change on the thermal performance of buildings, this paper studies its

Using constant-effort catch data, causes of annual variation in the timing of migration of Curlew Sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea) migrating through Ottenby, Sweden, as well as the trend in timing of migration from 1946-2005, was investigated. Variation in the timing of autumn migration of adult and juvenile Curlew Sandpipers was influenced by breeding success connected to predation pressure on th

In Sweden a new red list was issued 2000, but there is no published list of the most important areas for biodiversity preservation. I use woodliving and red-listed beetles as indicators of “hot-spots” for biodiversity preservation, since these insects constitute a large proportion of the red-listed forest living species in Sweden. Based on museum and many large private collections of beetles from

Exceptionally preserved Mesozoic feathered dinosaur fossils (including birds) are famous, but recognized from only very few localities worldwide, and are especially rare in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we report an assemblage of non-avian and avian dinosaur feathers from an Early Cretaceous polar (around 70°S) environment in what is now southeastern Australia. The recovered remains incorporate sm

Abstract: The adrenergic receptors of rat pineal gland were investigated using radiolabeled ligand binding and photoaffinity labeling techniques. 125I‐2‐[β‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl]tetralone (125I‐HEAT) and 125I‐cyanopindolol (125I‐CYP) labeled specific sites on rat pineal gland membranes with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of 48 (±5) pM and 30 (±5) pM, respectively. Binding sit

ABSTRACT— A model is described in which transient ischemia is induced in rats anaesthetized with N2O:O2 (70:30) by bilateral carotid artery clamping combined with a lowering of mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg, the latter being achieved by bleeding, or by bleeding supplemented with administration of trimetaphan or phentolamine. By the use of intubation, muscle paralysis with suxamethonium

Lessons Learned: It is possible to plan and treat some patients with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a timely fashion in an acute setting. Advanced and, in some indications, already implemented technologies such as SBRT are difficult to test in a randomized trial. Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) could be an alternative to deco

Rationale: The topic of sparse representation of samples in high dimensional spaces has attracted growing interest during the past decade. In this work, we develop sparse representation-based methods for classification of radiological imaging patterns of breast lesions into benign and malignant states. Methods: We propose a spatial block decomposition method to address irregularities of the approx

Fluid anomalies were often considered as possible precursors before earthquakes. However, fluid properties at the surface can change for a variety of reasons, including environmental changes near the surface, the response of the superficial fluid system to loads associated with the mechanical nucleation of earthquake fractures, or as a result of transients in fluid flow from the depths. A key prob

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible associations between socioeconomic status, occupation, and hospitalization for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register in order to obtain data on all first hospitalizations for RA in Sweden during the study period 1964 to 2004. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and

The behavior of Ethanol and seven fuels in the boiling point range of gasoline but with an Octane Number spanning from 69 to 99 was investigated in Partially Premixed Combustion. A load sweep was performed from 5 to 18 bar gross IMEP at 1300 rpm. The engine used in the experiments was a single cylinder Scania D12. To allow high load operations and achieve sufficient mixing, the compression ratio w