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The distribution of the neuropeptides methionine‐ and leucine‐enkephalins, substance P, FMRFamide, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, as well as the biogenic amine serotonin was studied in the optic tectum of the Atlantic salmon by means of immunocytochemistry. Peroxidase‐antiperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence methods were used to compare the differential laminar distributi

The nucleobase-prolecled parlially-deuteraled 5′-O-DMTr-2′#,2″#,3′,4′#, 5′,5″-2H5-2′-deoxyribonucleoside 3′-phosphoramidite derivatives 17a,b – 20a,b. containing C2′ isolopomeric mixture of deuterons and protons 1~15 atom % 2H at C2′(R), ~85 atom % 2H at C2′(S); 65 atom % 2H at C4′ (#), >97 atom % 2H at C3′ and C5′, i.e. Blocks B and C in Fig. 11, have been site specifically incorporated into a se

Longitudinal data from cohort studies show that early life factors such as low birth weight are associated with the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Moreover, the majority of published studies concur that blood pressure is higher in adolescents and young adults with a history of low birth weight. Although the precise mechanisms linking early li

Inland waters transport, transform and retain significant amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that may be biologically reactive (bioreactive) and thus potentially degraded into atmospheric CO2. Despite its global importance, relatively little is known about environmental controls on bioreactivity of DOC as it moves through river systems with varying water residence time (WRT). Here we determ

Observations in vivo in patients, supported by guinea-pig in vivo data, take centre stage in this perspective. Its objective is to highlight dichotomies between asthma features observed in vivo and accepted views involving cell/molecular biology research paradigms. For example, increased bronchial epithelial permeability is now considered a major paradigm and trait of asthma, yet, absorption of in

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive and toxic compound produced in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The glyoxalase system is the main detoxifying route for MG and consists of two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GlxI) and glyoxalase II (GlxII). GlxI catalyzes the formation of S-d-lactoylglutathione from hemithioacetal, and GlxII converts this intermediate to d-lactate. A relationship between the

The low-temperature structural phase transitions of Bi, Pb, In and Sn-doped samples of thermoelectric Zn 4 Sb 3 have been characterized on crystals grown from molten metal fluxes, using electrical resistance and single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Room temperature stable, disordered, β-Zn 4 Sb 3 undergoes two phase transitions at 254 and 235 K to the consecutively higher ordered phases

Brain pericytes are important to maintain vascular integrity of the neurovascular unit under both physiological and ischemic conditions. Ischemic stroke is known to induce an inflammatory and hypoxic response due to the lack of oxygen and glucose in the brain tissue. How this early response to ischemia is molecularly regulated in pericytes is largely unknown and may be of importance for future the

A nonlinear autotuning regulator algorithm is obtained via a direct combination of the Åström-Hägglund algorithm for the linear case [1] with the sinusoidal-input describing function (SIDEF) approach to nonlinear compensator synthesis of Taylor and Strobel [2]. The basic approach for linear autotuning proceeds as follows: a. install a relay with hysteresis in series with the unknown plant to be co

To acquire a deeper understanding of malignant melanoma (MM), it is essential to study the proteome of patient tissues. In particular, phosphoproteomics of MM has become of significant importance because of the central role that phosphorylation plays in the development of MM. Investigating clinical samples, however, is an extremely challenging task as there is usually only very limited quantities