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Purpose of this paper The purpose of this paper is to develop an evaluation model comparing a one-way with a returnable packaging system from a supply chain perspective. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical evaluation model for comparing cost efficiency and environmental impact of one-way and returnable packaging systems in supply chains is developed from literature. The deducted model is su
Popular Abstract in Swedish Septisk shock (shock utlöst av blodförgiftning) är en potentiellt dödlig komplikation till infektion med bakterier eller andra mikroorganismer. Inte bara de infekterande organismerna i sig, men också de inflammatoriska system och signalsubstanser som aktiveras, orsaker ett generaliserat inflammatoriskt tillstånd. Om obehandlat, kan detta leda till att ett eller flera or
The administration’s legitimacy of the constitutional democracy consist in laws being applied in accordance with the principles which are their foundation. Care about the elderly is the municipals’ responsibility, and this task is regulated in the law of social services and the law of health and healthcare. The legislation grant individual elderly the right to a standard of living that in the law
Popular Abstract in Swedish Inflammation is a protective response against injury or infection (the invading microbes or their toxins) with the aim being the removal of causal agent followed by the repair process. Without inflammation, infections would go unchecked and wounds would not heal. However, inflammation is like a double-edged sword. Though it is mainly a protective response, some times, i
Reduced urinary bladder capacity is a clinically significant problem. The surgical methods that have been available to treat this, such as urinary diversion or surgically augmenting the bladder by incorporation of intestinal segments, all have serious drawbacks. There is a need to understand how the smooth muscle of the intestine and bladder can interact when brought into close contact surgically,
Renewable energy will play an important role in the transition to a sustainable energy system. With an increased maturity of renewable energy technologies, issues concerning implementation are becoming more important. The decisions and actions of municipalities and other local actors have a significant influence on the implementation of renewable energy. In this thesis challenges to implementation
Popular Abstract in Swedish För att en multicellulär organism som männinskan ska kunna fungera måste celldelningen strikt kontrolleras. Protein som reglerar celldelning på cellulär nivå kallas för "tillväxtfaktorer". Vi har studerat ett sådant protein som kallas för transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b). Namnet TGF-b kommer sig utav att detta protein kan transformera (omvandla) epiteliala njurceTransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) is a well-characterised growth regulatory factor, which acts on most cell types. This thesis has focused on the regulatory roles of TGF-b on normal lymphocytes. One interesting finding is that TGF-b acts both costimulatory and inhibitory on T-lymphocytes. The costimulatory effect depends on the presence of monocytes and is mediated by these cells. Furthermor
Popular Abstract in Swedish Implementeringen av dotter/moderbolagsdirektivet av den 23 juli 1990. Jämförelse mellan olika nationella lagstiftningar som implementerat direktivetAt the crossing between Community law and international tax law, this thesis analyses and compares the Member States' legislation implementing the Parent/Subsidiary Directive of 23 July 1990. Of special interest, the different levels of compliance towards Community law have been proved to be the major obstacle to the harmonisation’s process underlying in the Directive. The procedural differences d
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ehrlichia hos människor och djur Fästingburna infektioner uppmärksammas alltmer både hos människor och djur. Fästingar har visat sig kunna överföra flera olika infektiösa agens som till exempel borrelia- och ehrlichiabakterier, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)-virus och babesia-parasiter. De i Skandinavien förekommande ehrlichia-bakterierna Ehrlichia phagocytophila, orsak
Popular Abstract in Swedish Enzymer är viktiga ämnen i naturen. Vi talar då och då om att vi förbränner vår mat. Trots detta känner vi oss oftast inte särskilt varma, i alla fall inte så att det bränns. Visst bränner vi vår mat. Socker omvandlas till koldioxid och vatten precis som om vi hade eldat upp det utanför kroppen. Skillnanden är att kroppen omvandlar sockret långsammare och mer kontrollerWith the goal to study the mechanisms of dinuclear metalloenzymes, a new line of synthetic and computational models were prepared and studied. Mixed imidazole and carboxylate multidentate complexes were synthesized to better simulate carboxylate-rich ligand environments. Of the compounds, which showed to be the most useful, were one symmetric and the other one asymmetric and in both cases they wer
In this thesis, the importance of cobalt and humic substances of terrestrial origin for the growth of some bloom-forming marine phytoplankton species is examined. Cobalt (Co) is considered an essential and potentially limiting trace metal for phytoplankton growth and is needed for the synthesis of vitamin B12. Since Co can be mobilised from soils at low pH values, acidification may have led to an
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling består av en undersökning av den litterära formen och den litterära kompositionen hos Johannes Klimakos Stege, samt en studie av hur författaren använder traditionen för att undervisa sin läsare. Förutom en kort introduktion och en genomgång av tidigare forskning, omfattar avhandlingen fyra kapitel. I det första kapitlet visas, utifrån ett antal detaljThis thesis offers an investigation of the literary form and the literary composition of The Ladder by John Climacus, as well as a study of how the author uses the tradition to form his reader. Besides a brief introduction with a survey of the previous research, the study comprises four chapters. In the first chapter it is shown, from a number of detailed text analyses, that the material in the s
Popular Abstract in Swedish Växter påverkar marken rent mekaniskt genom att jordstrukturen ändras när en rot växer, men också kemiskt genom att rötterna utsöndrar organiska molekyler. De organiska molekylerna ökar näringstillgången för mikroorganismerna i marken och därmed ändras tillväxthastigheten och biomassan hos mikroorganismerna. I området runt rötter, rhizosfären, råder det därför en hög miMicrobial activity in soil is generally assumed to be limited by carbon availability. The soil closest to roots, the rhizosphere, is therefore a zone of high microbial activity due to carbon containing substances released by the root. In this work short-term effects in the rhizosphere have been the subject of investigation. I have shown that the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques are w
During the past 40 years brain tissue grafting techniques have been used both to study fundamental neurobiological questions and to treat neurological diseases. Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are largely due to degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurones. Because the nigrostriatal pathology is relatively focused anatomically, Parkinson's disease is considered the ideal candidate for brain re
Diagnosis of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in the early stages is now possible using modern computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal phase. Most patients have acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, and a large proportion of these patients will develop peritonitis prior to mesenteric revascularization, and explorative laparo
Purpose of the research: The present government in the Netherlands intends to realize a substantial growth of wind energy before 2020, both onshore and offshore. Wind turbines, when positioned in the neighborhood of residents may cause visual annoyance and noise annoyance. Studies on other environmental sound sources, such as railway, road traffic, industry and aircraft noise show that (long-term)
