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Agricultural policies have always had a tendency to be controversial. In many cases they generate major transfers of welfare between different groups of people, and hence are favoured by some and criticised by others. They also frequently cause trouble at the international level as domestic programmes interfere with trade flows and affect the wellbeing of people in other parts of the world. In add
Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige och Norden har elproduktion traditionellt skett med huvudsakligen vattenkraft och kärnkraft. Detta håller dock på att förändras i takt med en allt större vindkraftsutbyggnad. Vindkraften skiljer sig i vissa avseenden från de traditionella produktionsslagen, ett av dessa är hur anslutningen till elnätet är utformad. Detta innebär att vindkraften, sedd från näte
Accurate determination of the genetic diversity present in the HIV quasispecies is critical for the development of a preventative vaccine: in particular, little is known about viral genetic diversity for the second type of HIV, HIV-2. A better understanding of HIV-2 biology is relevant to the HIV vaccine field because a substantial proportion of infected people experience long-term viral control,
Packaging serves a lot of purposes, and would be hard to do without. Packaging protects the goods during transport, saves costs, informs about the product, and extends its durability. A transport package is required to be strong and lightweight in order to be cost effective. Furthermore, it should be recycled because of environmental and economical concerns. Corrugated board has all of these featu
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ny kunskap gör det möjligt att med hjälp av DNA-information välja ut vilka kvigor/kor som förväntas ge en hög mjölkavkastning, höga halter av mjölkens komponenter och optimala egenskaper för ostproduktion. Denna information kan användas för att bättre anpassa mjölkens sammansättning och processegenskaper med de svenska mejeriernas behov för att på så vis förbättra mjölkMilk genomics is a new area of research that explores the relations between cow genetics and milk characteristics. Identifying the genes controlling compositional and technological traits of milk will give opportunities to select cows for targeted milk production. In this thesis, the impact of different genetic approaches, i.e. quantitative genetic evaluation, single gene effects and genomic selec
The main purpose of the present work is to increase knowledge of in-plane tension behav-iour of masonry and develop a model able to describe the impact of parameters influencing cracking caused by restrained shrinkage. In the process the mechanism of load transfer between units and mortar joints is described. The influence of cohesion between units and mortar joints, unit and joint geometry and ex
Popular Abstract in Swedish Märkesorientering är ett nytt förhållningssätt till varumärken. Inom företag som Nestlé, Pharmacia & Upjohn Nicorette och Volvo utgör varumärkena det nav kring vilket strategierna kretsar. Varumärkesfrågor behandlas inte längre som taktiska spörsmål utan är ledningsfrågor. Målsättningen inom märkesorienterade företag är ytterst att skapa, utveckla och skydda varumärThe aim of this study was to examine how an organisation’s approach to brands can, in the building up of a brand competence, prevent trademark degeneration and develop and protect brands as strategic resources. A line of argument is put forward for adopting a new corporate approach (mind-set) to brands. The starting-point is the concept of trademark degeneration (genericness), which is both the ke
Popular Abstract in Swedish Något tillspetsat förefaller varje kommun driva utvecklingsarbete inriktat på verksamhetsmått. Är så inte fallet är ansvariga snabba att betona att verksamhetsmått är viktigt och att de precis har beslutat om ett större måttprojekt. Denna bok ger en bild av i vilken omfattning fyra gatukontor utformar och använder verksamhetsmått. Boken innehåller också beskrivningar ocThe purpose of this study is to develop a frame of reference within which formal control system performance measures can be described and their design and use can be analyzed for control systems in municipalities. From a cybernetic control approach measures are used as instruments to plan and gain feedback from employee actions, and adjust them to the internal and external environment of which the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste decennierna har en omfattande omstrukturering ägt rum av den psykiatriska vården. Verksamheterna vid de gamla mentalsjukhusen har avvecklats genom en omfattande nerdragning av slutenvårdplatser. Psykiatrins långtidssjuka patienter skulle återföras till det sociala liv de under lång tid varit avskärmade ifrån. I samband med omorganiseringen till den s k
It is of great interest and importance how different amino acid residues contribute to and affect the properties of a protein surface, Partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems has the potential to be used as a rapid and simple method for studying the surface properties of proteins. The influence on partitioning of the surface exposed amino acid residues of eight structurally determined monomeric
Northern Europe was capped by ice during Weichsel (Wurm), the maximum of which occurred approximately 18,000 years before present. When in the latter part of the 19(th) century the view of an all-devastating land ice (the tabula rasa hypothesis) was generally adopted by natural scientists, plant biogeographers used a simple model predicting a post-glacial, northwards re-migration of species in con
Popular Abstract in Swedish Tekniken för vitreoretinal kirurgi har utvecklats betydligt de senaste åren, både vad gäller metodik och instrumentering. Allt fler sjukdomstillstånd i näthinnan kan nu behandlas. För att utveckla dessa metoder vidare, och även öka kunskapen bakom verkningsmekanismen för deras effektivitet, är standardiserade djurmodeller där både funktion och histologi kan utvärderas aThe field of vitreoretinal surgery has expanded greatly over the last decades. A continuous refinement of surgical methods and instruments has increased the number of treatable retinal disorders. Vitrectomy, retinectomy and laser treatment are all part of the modern surgical arsenal. In order to further develop and refine these methods, and also to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms behind th
A systematic assessment of radiotherapy for cancer was conducted by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) in 2001. The assessment included a review of future developments in radiotherapy and an estimate of the potential benefits of improved radiotherapy in Sweden. The conclusions reached from this review can be summarized as: Successively better knowledge is available o
This paper investigates iconicity as a possible driving force behind the rebuilding of deictic systems and forms in individual languages. A comparison of a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European deictic system (based mainly on Beekes, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 1995) compared with the systems of attested Indo-European languages makes it clear that both systems and forms hav
Popular Abstract in Swedish Framtida klimatförändringar påverkas till stor del på människans utsläpp av CO2, samt av klimat- och CO2-relaterade återkopplingar genom kolcykeln i både landbaserade ekosystem och hav. Landbaserade ekosystem tar för tillfället upp omkring 25% av de antropogena utsläppen av CO2 från förbränning av fossila bränslen och markanvändning, men att tillskriva vilka mekanismer The nature of future climate change will depend on anthropogenic emissions of CO2, as well as climate- and CO2-mediated feedbacks through carbon (C) cycling in both terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. Terrestrial ecosystems remove presently about 25% of the anthropogenic CO2 fossil-fuel and land-use change emissions, but to attribute which mechanisms cause this uptake, and the key regions where it
Sudden pipe bursts occur in high-pressure water transmission pipelines and water distribution networks. The consequences of these bursts can be very expensive due to the outage time while the burst pipe is repaired, the cost of repair, and damage to surrounding property and infrastructure. As a result, it is advantageous to minimise the detection and location time after the burst occurs. Currently
Singular perturbations of Schrödinger type operators are of interest in mathematics, e.g. to study spectral phenomena, and in applications of mathematics in various sciences, e.g. in physics, chemistry, biology, and in technology. They also often lead to models in quantum theory which are solvable in the sense that the spectral characteristics (eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and scattering matrix) c
