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Oklarhetsregeln är en avtalsrättslig princip som härstammar från den romerska rätten och återfinns i flera rättsordningar och internationella principsamlingar. I Corpus Juris Civilis är den latinska formuleringen av regeln ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est och på engelska omnämns den som the contra proferentem rule. Även om oklarhetsregeln är en välkänd princip, är den kontroversiell. HD har exemThe contra proferentem rule is a legal doctrine in contract law, which originates from the Roman law. Today, the rule is known in several legal systems and is used in international collections of principles. In Corpus Juris Civilis the Latin wording of the rule is ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est and in Sweden the rule is known as oklarhetsregeln. Even though the rule is well known, it is contro

Changed land-use, nitrogen deposition, climate change, and the spread of non-native species have repeatedly been reported as the main drivers of floristic changes in northern Europe. However, the relevance of the geographical scale at which floristic changes are observed, is less studied and understood. Here, I assess the changes in species richness and species composition in the central parts of

This paper aims to analyze economical factors behind urban decay, also referred to as slums, in The United States and particularly vulnerable areas in Sweden. The purpose with this paper is to conclude whether or not urban decay in the U.S can be compared with particularly vulnerable areas in Sweden by examining the predominant economic factors behind decayed and particularly vulnerable areas in e

The Swedish government has set the goal of achieving carbon-neutrality by 2045. The production of cement currently accounts for 8% of CO2 emissions worldwide, with a similar figure also true of Sweden. A clear government strategy is therefore needed to work with and provide support to the cement industry for decarbonisation. The most developed pathway for cement decarbonisation in the literature i

Denna uppsats syftar främst till att utreda hur svensk straffrätt betraktar situationen där en person verbalt förmår annan att begå självmord och om någon skulle kunna bli ansvarig för annans självmord. Det mer övergripande syftet är att undersöka lagstiftarens ambitioner kring vad som bör kriminaliseras och varför självmord knappt behandlas i rättskälleläran och inom rättsväsendet. Självmord ellThe purpose of this essay is primarily to examine how the Swedish criminal law considers the situation where a person persuades another to kill oneself. Furthermore, the essay aims more generally to investigate the legislator ́s ambition about what actions that should be criminalized and why suicide barely is treated in the judicial. Today, suicide or attempted suicide does not constitute a crime

Tacit knowledge is valuable because of its hard imitability, this also creates the challenge of spreading it to other employees in the organization. This study describes the phenomenon of tacit knowledge sharing (TKS) in project-based engineering organizations (PBEOs) and is directed at practitioners to allow them to improve their role as facilitators of TKS. PBEOs manage research and design proje

Det har funnits en tradition i det svenska påföljdssystemet att särbehandla unga myndiga. Den 2 januari 2022 slopades delvis ungdomsreduktionen. Underlaget för den delvis slopade ungdomsreduktionen bestod av betänkandet Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vilket utgjorde underlag för propositionen Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vid allvarlig brottslighet. Propositionen ledde till att ungdomThere’s been a tradition of special treatment toward young adults in the Swedish legal sanction system. On January 2, 2022, the young adult penalty reduction was partially abolished. The basis for the partially abolished young adult reduction consisted of the report Abolished sentence reduction for young adults (Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga), which in turn formed the basis for the proposit

Den pågående energiomställningen har gett upphov till ett växande behov av elanslutningar och aktualiserat behovet av att anpassa elnätet genom att införa flexibilitetslösningar. Elnätsföretag har med anledning av nätkapacitetsutmaningen redan svårt att ansluta nya kunder vilket gett upphov till diskussioner kring möjligheterna att tillämpa så kallade villkorade avtal. Till skillnad från traditionGrid modernisation is a key enabler in the ongoing transition to a more sustainable energy system. As both grid connections and power consumption are foreseen to increase, the introduction of flexibility solutions is an essential supplement to network deployment. Due to the current risk of grid congestion, power utilities are experiencing difficulties in connecting new customers which has given ri

Purpose: To optimize a method and develop an algorithm to quantify Fatty Acid Composition (FAC) in bone marrow adipose tissue. By using different reconstruction models, compare different MRI systems (3 T and 7 T) to find the optimal field strength and reconstruction model for FAC quantification. Also, to develop a reference phantom with bone marrow-like characteristics. Method: Multi-echo GRE (Gr

Human-induced climate change has emerged as one of the greatest sustainability challenges of our time, with significant risks for human health, livelihoods and security. However, technological solutions to phase out the use of fossil fuels in industrialized countries are politically contested. Their adoption depends on disrupting the institutions and behaviours that perpetuate the dependence on fo

I jakten på förnyelsebara energikällor är solceller en av de mest lovande teknikerna. Idag dominerar kisel-solcellen marknaden men även den har begränsningar och därför är det motiverat att utveckla andra sorters solceller. En solcellsteknik på utvecklingsstadiet som försöker efterlikna fotosyntesen är Grätzelsolcellen. Precis som i fotosyntesen är det en färgämnesmolekyl i solcellen som ska absorIn the hunt for fossile-free energy-harvesting techniques, solar cells constitute one of the most promising techniques. Today, silicon-based solar cells are the dominant technique on the market but even the Silicon solar cell has limitations which means that there is a motivation for developing new solutions. One of those techniques is the dye-sensitized solar cell. Just as in photosynthesis, the

I Sverige är höghastighetsjärnvägar ett debatterat ämne. Undersökningsarbeten har startat för det första steget i ett höghastighetsnät – Ostlänken mellan Järna och Linköping – som planeras vara trafikerad år 2028. Höghastighetsjärnvägen är avsedd att tillåta hastigheter på 320 km/h. Vid så höga hastigheter blir dimensioneringskraven för brobanans vibrationer strängare. Tidigare studier har visat aIn Sweden, high-speed railways is a subject for public debate. The first stage of a high-speed train network, Ostlänken between Stockholm and Linköping, is under investigation, and is planned to be trafficked in 2028. The high-speed railway is intended to hold traffic with speeds up to 320 km/h. At such speeds, the design requirements of the accelerations of the bridge superstructure become more s

Abstract Thesis title: Technical analysis - An index-based study of Ichimoku Cloud on the Swedish index OMXS30 Seminar date: 2020-06-01 Subject / Course: FEKH89, Business Administration: Bachelor's degree in finance (15 HP). Author: Alexander Liljenberg, Jesper Linné and Max Vahlgren Supervisor: Göran Andersson Five Keywords: Effective Market Hypothesis, Technical Analysis, Ichimoku

In EU Competition Law, the addressee of the prohibition indicated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is the undertaking. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has applied the notion of undertaking using an economic and functional approach, determining that undertaking, as a single economic entity, may consist with several separate legal entities, including na

The public health agency of Sweden has shown an increasing prevalence of mental illness among college students. At the same time studies show that students choose to not seek any help, and often don’t know where they would even find the help they might need. The aim of this study was therefore to map the prevalence of mental illness among students of Social Work at Campus Helsingborg, and examine

I denna studie undersöks bildningsprocesser och klimatologisk betydelse av hur av årsmoräner bildas vid Gornergletscher, en stor alpin dalglaciär i de södra schweiziska Alperna. Ett särskilt fokus ligger på moränryggar som har bildats mellan 2007 och 2019, en period då glaciären har retirerat snabbt och det har skett en tydlig förtunning av isfronten. Dessa moräner uppvisar olika geomorfologiska o

Parisavtalet är det största globala klimatavtalet hittills och antogs med intentionen att markant reducera de globala växthusgasutsläppen. Det långsiktiga målet är att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen till 1,5°C över förindustriella nivåer – det så kallade 1,5°C-målet. Parisavtalet stadgar att stater ska vidta klimatåtgärder utifrån en ambitionsnivå som successivt ökar. Klimatåtgärderna ska vid