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Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are one of the most popular codes used in nowadays’ communication due to their high coding efficiency at low decoding complexity. With these characteristics, LDPC codes are suitable for high-speed information transmission systems. The widely used decoding algorithm for LDPC codes is Belief Propagation (BP) decoding with which the performance of LDPC codes can

Spallation sources such as European Spallation Source (ESS) produces neutrons by bombarding high-energy protons onto the target wheel. To determine the location of the proton beam a Proton Beam Imaging (PBI) system will be installed. The PBI system at ESS relies on the properties of a luminescent coating that is sprayed onto the target wheel and the proton beam window. In this study, luminescent m

Under 2014 så delade Lunds kommun ut 830 gratis cykelhjälmar. Sådana styrande kampanjer är vanliga i Sverige, ändå har ingen kampanj någonsin blivit utvärderad. Syftet med denna uppsats är tvådelad. Först, att utvärdera hur många av de 830 cyklisterna som faktiskt bär hjälmen som de blev tilldelade. Sedan, att nå insikt om varför vissa cyklister väljer att bära hjälmen och varför andra väljer att

Considering the growing pressure on various ecosystems all around the world, the development of ecological indicators for assessing the health and condition of the ecosystems has become an integral part of environmental management and policy making efforts. Such indicators do not only simplify the complex ecosystem processes but can also act as a measure of performance of a conservation policy. Th

The unprecedented military and economic support provided by non-participating States to Ukraine following the Russian aggression has reignited the debate surrounding the law of neutrality. The law of neutrality, first codified in the Hague Conventions of 1907, defines the legal relationship between States involved in an international armed conflict (IAC), known as belligerents, and States not taki

Aldrig före 2022 har demonstranter dömts för sabotage, trots att bestämmel-sen har funnits sedan 1948. Att straffansvar för sabotage nu dömts ut mot aktivister har väckt debatt om hur lagstiftningen egentligen ska tillämpas. Även ett konstitutionellt perspektiv aktualiseras, eftersom domstolen tillämpar strafflagstiftningen på en situation där den tilltalade utövar sin grundlagsskyd-dade demonstraPrior to 2022, protesters had never faced convictions for sabotage, despite the provision existing since 1948. The imposition of criminal liability for sabotage on activists has sparked a debate on how the legislation should be applied. A constitutional perspective is also highlighted, as the court applies criminal law to a situation where the defendant is exercising their constitutionally protect

Framställningen syftar till att undersöka hur HD:s tolkning av kommersiella entreprenadavtal utvecklats. För att uppnå syftet utreds hur entreprenadavtal ska tolkas, hur praxis har utvecklats på området sedan år 2000 samt vilka konsekvenser utvecklingen kan medföra. Entreprenadavtal är inte lagreglerade i svensk rätt och sparsamt behandlade i doktrin. Termen kan förstås som ett avtal där entrepreThe purpose of the thesis is to examine how the interpretation of construction contracts has evolved by the Supreme Court. The thesis examines how the contracts should be interpreted, how the precedents have developed in the field since year 2000 and what consequences the development could bring. Construction contracts are not regulated by Swedish law and are rarely treated in the doctrine. A con

Partial migration, defined as when only some individuals within a population migrate whereas others remain as year-round residents, is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. However, the reasons why some, but not all individuals migrate are not fully understood. Results from multiple recent studies indicate that the propensity to migrate often is flexible and influenced by ecological factors such as fo

Arbetsgivare bär ett skadeståndsrättsligt ansvar för skador orsakade av dess arbetstagare, under förutsättning att skadan vållats i arbetstagarens tjänst. Detta kallas att arbetsgivaren har ett principalansvar. Sommaren 2015 utspelade sig en händelse på det sociala mediet Twitter som kom att ge upphov till intressanta frågeställningar kring omfattningen av arbetsgivares principalansvar. En journalAn employer can be held liable for damage caused by its employees provided that the damage was caused in the course of employment. This is known as vicarious liability (principalansvar). In the summer of 2015 an incident on the social media Twitter gave rise to interesting questions about the scope of an employer’s vicarious liability. A journalist working at one of the larger newspapers had poste

For the whole family, the baptism of a child is a meaningful event. In Sweden, parents are often not married when the first child is born. For these families the baptism is the first event the couple experiences together in the church. This paper examines how the understanding of baptism differs between married and unmarried couples. The thesis I am going to investigate assumes, that unmarried cou

Europeiska unionen har länge arbetat för att uppnå fri rörlighet på den inre marknaden. På de flesta områden har arbetet nått långt men det finns undantag. Hypotekslånemarknaden inom EU är, trots betydande ekonomisk storlek, inte harmoniserad och ett flertal hinder mot den fria rörligheten av kapital existerar. Fokus i uppsatsen ligger framförallt på harmonisering och införande av en europeisk hThe European Union has long worked to achieve free movement within the internal market. In most areas, work has come a long way but there are exceptions. The mortgage market in the EU, despite significant economic size, is not harmonized, and a number of obstacles to achieve free movement of capital exist. The focus of the essay is primarily on the harmonization and implementation of a European

Med en ökad användning av artificiell intelligens i olika samhällssektorer har det svenska rättsväsendet börjat implementera automatiserade lösningar och hjälpmedel i sin verksamhet: en maskningstjänst avsedd för anonymisering av sekretessbelagd information och en översättningstjänst till för att översätta domar. Den nationella rättsordning innehåller dock ingen lagstiftning som är specifikt anpasWith the increasing use of artificial intelligence across various sectors of society, the Swedish judiciary has begun implementing automated solutions and tools in its operations: a redaction service intended for anonymizing confidential information and a translation service used to translate judicial decisions. However, the national legal system does not contain legislation specifically tailored

This essay presents the reader with an insight to how Sweden, the UK and the US deal with matters concerning inventions created by employees. It provides information on how employee inventions are categorized, which type of employee inventions belong to the employer, what right the employer has in these types of inventions, what or if he is obliged to compensate the employee and how contracts betw

Financial services and cross-border financial activities have developed considerably due to the globalisation of the economy. The utilisation of these new opportunities has, however, attracted financial activities that relates to money laundering. Money laundering is a way to separate and conceal the proceeds of crime in order to reinvest or simply use it in the open economy, without drawing the a

Sammanfattning För närvarande pågår en utredning angående apoteksmonopolets vara eller icke vara här i Sverige. Trenden inom EU har på sistone gått mot att avreglera fler och fler marknader, detta tillsammans med regeringens åsikt om att ökad konkurrens är bra för samhället har föranlett denna granskning av marknaden i fråga. Det är därför av intresse att närmare titta på konsekvenserna av den utr

I nästan två århundraden har koncentrationerna av växthusgaser i atmosfären ökat som ett resultat av mänskliga aktiviteter. Detta har lett till vad som nu är känt som växthuseffekten. Behovet av att kunna förstå och förutsäga effekterna som förhöjda koncentrationer av växthusgaser har på jorden är viktigt. En diskuterad effekt är en global höjning av havsnivåerna tillföljd av höjd global medeltemp

One of the main concepts that made Tetra Pak a world leading company in producing packages for liquids, is the idea of folding paperboards. To get a good and precise fold it is necessary to crease the paper before the folding process takes part. By using creasing, the package can get more precise, stronger folds and can be produced at high speed. The creasing tool consists of a male plate and a fe

In the last few years the airline industry had experienced a rapid growth within the low cost segment. The expenses for the airline companies have during the same period increased, mostly due to higher fuel prices and higher capital costs for airplanes. As a result of this, the economic situation for the airline companies has come to be very strained. The Swedish Civil Aviation Authority (LFV), wh

In the automotive industry, it is common that the customers provide the suppliers with the necessary packing material needed for delivery of the goods. The reason for this is that it makes the handling and unpacking of incoming goods at the customer easy, but it also makes sure that the quality of the packing material is high, and that the transportation damages of the goods are minimised. It shou