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This report will examine the reliability of calculation methods used for concrete structures in the serviceability limit state. A comparison between the different methods will be done, based on calculations of the reliability index for these methods. This comparison will be the base for a discussion about what norm that should be prefferd in different situations and what level of reliability the c
With today’s advancements in camera technology, image-stabilization is a crucial element for capturing sharp and steady images and video. Nowadays, cameras usually have built-in stabilizers that perform well in this task. In some cases, however, an additional stabilizer may be required to achieve optimal results. In such circumstances, electronically controlled gimbals are a popular choice when it
The purpose of this study is to investigate which role TikTok plays in the increased consumption of fast fashion. The study also aims to investigate TikTok’s role in the creation of new fashion trends. TikTok is one of the leading social media platforms for today’s young adults. Social media has in recent years had a big impact on consumer behaviour and the fashion industry, largely due to widespr
Patented pharmaceuticals limit medicine access; Compulsory Licensing bridges the gap between Intellectual Property Rights and the Right to Health. The COVID-19 Pandemic sparked debates on medicine access and prompted legal revisions for improved systems. The European Union strives to enhance Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights, yet current Compulsory Licensing has flaws that hinder medic
In the twelfth century the Norbertine order was introduced in parts of Scandinavia. One initiator in the north was Eskil, the powerful archbishop of Lund. However, in the beginning of the thirteenth century the mendicant orders were introduced by successors to the archbishopric. This led to a general decline of other orders. In spite of that the Norbertines managed to prosper in Bäckaskog, an abbeIn the twelfth century the Norbertine order was introduced in parts of Scandinavia. One initiator in the north was Eskil, the powerful archbishop of Lund. However, in the beginning of the thirteenth century the mendicant orders were introduced by successors to the archbishopric. This led to a general decline of other orders. In spite of that the Norbertines managed to prosper in Bäckaskog, an abbe
Online engagement with criminal cases is often interpreted in either punitive or crowdsourcing terms, but interactionist and ethnomethodological analyses can disclose other and more fundamental aspects. This chapter looks closely at a particular practice among posters on the Swedish platform Flashback: that of summing up the discussion ‘so far’. To sum up is a delicate and vulnerable act of rhetorOnline engagement with criminal cases is often interpreted in either punitive or crowdsourcing terms, but interactionist and ethnomethodological analyses can disclose other and more fundamental aspects. This chapter looks closely at a particular practice among posters on the Swedish platform Flashback: that of summing up the discussion ‘so far’. To sum up is a delicate and vulnerable act of rhetor
Kvantkromodynamik har blivit accepterad som den mest välfungerande teorin för den starka växelverkan. Vid höga energier kan kvarkarna i viss mån ses som fria partiklar och den starka kopplingskonstanten,αs, blir så pass liten att kvantkromodynamiken kan analyseras med en expansion i αs, en procedur känd som störningsteori. Denna metod fungerar inte längre vid låga energier då αs kan närma sig ett We perform a fit to three loop order (NNNLO) in Chiral perturbation theory of the pion mass and decay constant. In particular we investigate if the NNNLO fit is an improvement of the fit to two loop order (NNLO) to lattice QCD data, which was done in a lattice gauge group collaboration. We take several steps to improve our fits, one of them being the inclusion of finite volume corrections. They t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Stokastika effekter är av stor betydelse i många biofysiska system. Evolution, djurs sökande efter föda, spridning av virusinfektioner och stamcellsdifferentiering, är alla exempel på processer som på ett eller annat sätt är stokastiska till sin natur. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka de verktyg som ofta används för att kvantifiera slumpmässighet i naturen oThe role of stochasticity throughout many biophysical systems is of great importance. From evolution to foraging, from the spreading of viruses to cell fate, all hinge in one way or another on inherent stochasticity. The aim of this thesis is to explore the tools often used to quantify randomness in nature, and employ these tools on a selected range of biophysical systems (Papers I-IV). In these p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Studier av enstaka makromolekyler gör det möjligt att få insikt i och karakterisera viktiga biologiska processer. DNA, livets molekyl, är av särskilt intresse här. I denna avhandling användar vi metoder från statistisk fysik för att studera olika aspekter av DNA i nanokanaler och dess smältegenskaper. DNA-smältning är inte bara relevant för förståelsen av denna molekylsInvestigation of single macromolecules makes it possible to gain insight into and characterize important biological processes. DNA as the molecule of life is of special interest here. In this thesis tools from statistical physics are used to study different aspects of DNA confined to nanochannels, with particular regard to its denaturation properties. The study of DNA melting from the theoretical
Popular Abstract in Swedish Lunds strängfragmenteringsmodell beskriver hur färgade partiklar (kvarkar och gluoner, tillsammans kallade partoner) som produceras vid högenergetisk partikelkollisioner omvandlas till färgneutrala hadroner. Denna avhandling utvecklar och utforskar ett alternativt tillvägagångssätt till modellen. Den nya infallsvinkeln förbättrar modellen för system som består av många The Lund string fagmentation model was reformulated as a process along the boundary curve of the string called the directrix, in order to treat multigluon strings according to the Lund model area law. It was found that the hadrons in the final state could be collected into several groups, in such a way that the energy-momenta of the hadrons in a group lie in a plane in the Minkowski space within s
Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) constitute a crucial vehicle in delivering infrastructure. In the transport sector the primary project sponsors are construction companies, which over the last few decades have transformed to strong international actors. In order to study growth strategies stemming from the PPP agreement, a conceptual game theoretic model built on four institutional rationalitiesPublic–Private Partnerships (PPPs) constitute a crucial vehicle in delivering infrastructure. In the transport sector the primary project sponsors are construction companies, which over the last few decades have transformed to strong international actors. In order to study growth strategies stemming from the PPP agreement, a conceptual game theoretic model built on four institutional rationalities
Artificiella neuronnät är ett samlingsnamn för maskininlärningsmetoder som försöker efterlikna biologiska system i sin struktur. Ett neuronnät förbereds, med så kallad träning, för till exempel mönsterigenkänning, genom att man presenterar exempel på den typ av data man vill identifiera. Inom ett visst intervall uppdateras nätverkets inre struktur, med målet att utsignal anpassas till den signal sThe subject of deep learning has become increasingly popular, especially for machine learning applications where a large number of input variables have to be processed. However, there are instances of problem solving, where a full understanding of the variables is of high importance. When dealing with data sets containing a large number of input variables, the established methods of feature select
Metalliciteten hos en stjärna är den del av materien som inte består av helium eller väte. Detta innebär att när en astronom talar om metallicitet, inkluderar hon även icke-metalliska grundämne, såsom kol, syre eller något av de tyngre grundämnena. Genom att studera metalliciteten hos en stjärna kan vi lära oss en del om dem, till exempel dess ålder och ursprunget för var våra grundämnen kommer if
Partiklar i universum, också här på jorden, rör sig på grund av krafter som uppkommer ur egenskaper hos materien runt om oss. Föremål som fotbollar, löv och cyklister faller till marken på grund av gravitation, egenskapen att materia attraherar genom att ha en massa. Stålfjädrar kan dra ihop och trycka isär föremål på grund av krafter i materialet. Dessa krafter kommer ur potentialer som dikterar
