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Besides reducing fuel demands and indoor air pollution, pyrolytic cooking stoves produce a by-product (biochar) that can improve soil fertility and serve as a sink for carbon sequestration. Most smallholder farmers in Africa depend on wood for fuel, suffer from exposure to smoke and soils in their cultivated farms are deteriorating. Biochar (bio-charcoal) production has potentials to reduce energy
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and aberrant remodeling of the lung parenchyma. However, the sources of fibroblasts in IPF lungs are unclear. Fibrocytes are circulating progenitors of fibroblasts implicated in wound healing and fibrosis. In this study we evaluated evidence for the presence of fibrocytes in the lung of patients with i
INTRODUCTION: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuronal messenger in intracranial sensory nerves and is considered to play a significant role in migraine pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effect of the CGRP receptor antagonist, telcagepant, on CGRP-induced cranial vasodilatation in human isolated cerebral and middle meningeal arteries. We also studied the expre
Popular Abstract in Swedish I många företag och organisationer är planering av inköp, produktion, lagerhållning och transporter av stor betydelse för lönsamheten. Inom tillverkningsindustrin är det till exempel vanligt att värdet på lager, förråd och produkter i arbete överstiger värdet av hela produktionssystemet inklusive maskiner och byggnader. Effektiv styrning av produktion och lagerhållning In many companies and organisations the planning and control of purchasing, production, inventory and transportation is of great importance. In a manufacturing industry it is not unusual that the value of the total stock of end products and parts in production is larger than the value of the production system itself with its machines and factory buildings. Efficient control of inventory and produc
The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in
Recent research in motion event typology has moved beyond the binary Talmian division of "verb-framed" and "satellite-framed" languages and has established the existence of at least four distinct typological clusters, instantiated by, for example, Swedish (Germanic), French (Romance), Thai (Tai-Kadai) and Telugu (Dravidian). In this paper, we focus on characteristic features of Telugu, as a repres
The humanitarian sector has formulated a collective strategic intent to localize. This involves delegating responsibilities and transferring capacities and resources to national and local actors. However, progress is slower than expected. Strategy execution is hard, and translating a general strategic intent to the actual way humanitarian organizations operate is not obvious. To suggest remedies f
Background & Aims: There is substantial inter-individual variability in the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Part of which is explained by insulin resistance (IR) (‘MetComp’) and part by common modifiers of genetic risk (‘GenComp’). We examined how IR on the one hand and genetic risk on the other contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Methods: We studied 846 individuals: 49
Color polymorphisms are widely studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for the origin and maintenance of phenotypic variability in nature. Two of the mechanisms of balancing selection currently thought to explain the long-term persistence of polymorphisms are the evolution of alternative phenotypic optima through correlational selection on suites of traits including color and heterosis. Bot
Dendritic cells are the sentinels of the immune system, linking the innate and adaptive immune response. Myeloid and dendritic cell models have been successfully used in in vitro approaches to predict adverse outcomes such as skin sensitization. We here exposed a well-characterized human dendritic cell-like cell line to agricultural chemicals, including fungicide formulations, active ingredients,
We show that a generalization of the DAG-like query-to-communication lifting theorem, when proven using sunflowers over non-binary alphabets, yields lower bounds on the monotone circuit complexity and proof complexity of natural functions and formulas that are better than previously known results obtained using the approximation method. These include an nΩ(k) lower bound for the clique function up
As international cross-border tax planning increasingly tests domestic legal frameworks,Sweden has relied on a patchwork of different provisions to combat treaty abuse. Throughthe dynamic interplay between its domestic anti-avoidance rules and international treatyprovisions, Sweden has occasionally deployed its targeted Specific Anti-Avoidance Rules(SAARs) and even discussed the possibility of app
Mononuclear iron(iv)-oxo, iron(iv)-imido and iron(iv)-nitrido complexes are common catalytic cycle intermediates in enzymes, where the metal is typically linked to the protein through cysteinate or histidine sidechains. Enzymatic high-valent iron(iv)-imido and -nitrido intermediates have never been trapped and characterized; hence, there is uncertainty regarding their structure and function. Using
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary method for noninvasive investigations of the human brain in health, disease, and development but yields data that are difficult to interpret whenever the millimeter-scale voxels contain multiple microscopic tissue environments with different chemical and structural properties. We propose a novel MRI framework to quantify the microscopic heterogeneity
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are transplanted into a different environment, and a number of trait values, potentially i
Studies on annual settlement growth have mainly focused on larger cities or incorporated data rarely available in, or applicable to, sparsely populated areas in sub-Saharan Africa, such as aerial photography or night-time light data. The aim of the present study is to quantify settlement growth in rural communities in Burkina Faso affected by industrial mining, which often experience substantial i
Impaired rennet coagulation properties in milk could lead to prolonged processing times and production losses. Heritability for milk coagulation has previously been estimated to be 0.28 to 0.45, indicating that genetic selection can be used to manipulate this trait. The CN proteins are expressed by the genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3 and are located on bovine chromosome 6. To better understan
