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Studies of circular DNA confined to nanofluidic channels are relevant both from a fundamental polymer-physics perspective and due to the importance of circular DNA molecules in vivo. We here observe the unfolding of confined DNA from the circular to linear configuration as a light-induced double-strand break occurs, characterize the dynamics, and compare the equilibrium conformational statistics o

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are energy-transducing organelles of the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They originated as bacterial symbionts whose host cells acquired respiration from the precursor of the mitochondrion, and oxygenic photosynthesis from the precursor of the chloroplast. The host cells also acquired genetic information from their symbionts, eventually incorporating much of it into t

The transcriptional events that control T cell tolerance are still poorly understood. To investigate why tolerant T cells fail to produce interleukin (IL)-2, we analyzed the regulation of NFkappaB-mediated transcription in CD4(+) T cells after tolerance induction in vivo. We demonstrate that a predominance of p50-p50 homodimers binding to the IL-2 promoter kappaB site in tolerant T cells correlate

How can we reconcile the conception of language as a conventional-normative semiotic system with a perception/action-based account of its structure and meaning? And why should linguistic meaning - as opposed to linguistic expression - be so closely related to motor activity and its neural underpinnings, as suggested by recent findings? A conceptual framework and evolutionary scenario building on t

The marine environment harbors a large proportion of the total biodiversity on this planet, including the majority of the earths’ different phyla and classes. Studying the genomes of marine organisms can bring interesting insights into genome evolution. Today, almost all marine organismal groups are understudied with respect to their genomes. One potential reason is that extraction of high-quality

Från titeln att bedöma -Livets Algoritm - kan man tänka sig att Fernando Flores' bok är en strikt vetenskaplig sådan. Detta första intryck förstärkes ytterligare när man läser underrubriken: "Moderna teorier om biologins metod och väsen." Men trots att boken faktiskt bygger på vetenskapliga grunder, är det huvudsakligen fråga om ett filo-sofiskt verk. Och när vi säger "huvudsakligen", tänker vi på

Popular Abstract in Swedish The Third Gospel for the First Time beskriver en förstagångsupplevelse av Lukasevangeliet, en uppläsning inför adressaten Teofilus vänner, vid ett tillfälle då evangeliet var nyskrivet. Den förutsätter att någon av Teofilus vänner kände till antika biografier och uppfattade Lukasevangeliet som en sådan. Dessutom hade han fått en grundläggande undervisning om den kristnaIf Luke’s first audience understood the Gospel as a biography, what would their experience of the text have been? This book invites the reader to accompany the first readers or hearers of Luke’s Gospel and to experience the narrative about the life of Jesus alongside them. It utilises Wolfgang Iser’s theory about reading and readers and focuses on gaps and vacancies in the text. The most important

In this paper the question “Why software vendors focus on roles when they aim at developing the future enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems?” is discussed. At the moment there is increasing interest in developing ERP systems that support a person's different working roles in the organisation, which could be described as role-based ERPs. It could be asked whether this is a reaction to the wel

The period from 1910 to 1930 was a time when a number of theoretical systems saw the light of the day in Central Europe: psychoanalysis, neopositivism, phenomenology, the Warsaw School of logic, Gestalt-psychology and the structuralism of the Prague School of Linguistics. The Prague School arose in the liberal-minded Prague of the 1920s and came to have an enormous influence on multiple fields wit

Biomolecular motors have inspired the design and construction of artificial nanoscale motors and machines based on nucleic acids, small molecules, and inorganic nanostructures. However, the high degree of sophistication and efficiency of biomolecular motors, as well as their specific biological function, derives from the complexity afforded by protein building blocks. Here, we discuss a novel bott

The androgen receptor is a key transcription factor contributing to the development of all stages of prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, other transcription factors have been associated with poor prognosis in PCa, amongst which c-Myc (MYC) is a well-established oncogene in many other cancers. We have previously reported that the AR promotes glycolysis and anabolic metabolism; many of these metabol

In this study, the production of enantiomerically pure (1R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxy-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-one ((-)-2) through stereoselective bioreduction was used as a model reaction for the comparison of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and engineered Escherichia coli as biocatalysts. For both microorganisms, over-expression of the gene encoding the NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase YPR1 resulted

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly malignant disease of myeloid cell line. AML is the most frequent adult leukemia with inadequate treatment possibility. The protein phosphatases are critical regulators of cell signaling, and deregulation of protein phosphatases always contribute to cell transformation. Although many studies established a relationship between protein phosphatases and leukemi

Sorption may affect the bioavailability and biodegradation of pesticides in soils. The aim of this study was to test the effect of surface sorption on microbial utilization of the herbicide glyphosate as a source of phosphorus, nitrogen, or carbon. We added goethite to a humus soil to manipulate the soil's glyphosate sorption capacity. The addition of glyphosate generally either decreased microbia