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Current optical space telescopes rely upon silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to detect and image the incoming photons. The performance of a CCD detector depends on its ability to transfer electrons through the silicon efficiently, so that the signal from every pixel may be read out through a single amplifier. This process of electron transfer is highly susceptible to the effects of solar proto
Popular Abstract in Swedish Mögel i byggnader är ett vanligt problem som kan orsaka en dålig innemiljö och påverka hälsan hos de personer som vistas i byggnaden. Kostnaderna för att åtgärda problemen kan vara omfattande. Att redan vid planeringsstadiet av en byggnad ta hänsyn till risker för mögelväxt kan leda till minskat antal mögelskador i framtiden och ett mer hållbart byggande. Mögelväxt är The susceptibility to mould growth varies between building materials. The factors that most affect mould growth, the relative humidity (RH) and temperature also vary in different parts of buildings. One way of preventing the growth of mould in buildings is therefore to choose building materials that can withstand the expected conditions. It is thus crucial that data are available to allow the corr
It has been a common practice both in Sweden and worldwide to enclose nuclear reactors with prestressed concrete structures. The prestress level decreases with time from its initial value due to various degradation mechanisms. To ensure that the prestress level is sufficient the tendon force is measured at regular in-service inspections. The intention with this paper is to present a reliability-ba
Many science students struggle with using scientific language and making sense of scientific phenomena. Thus, there is an increased interest in science education research and public policy with regard to understanding and promoting scientific language use and sensemaking in science classrooms. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on how upper-secondary school students of different achie
Recent transport equity literature has proposed a sufficientarian approach to transport planning, according to which all individuals would be entitled to a minimum level of accessibility deemed adequate or sufficient. The implementation of this approach would require the adoption of an accessibility standard as a key performance indicator guiding transport investments, land use planning and servic
A brief review is given of some fundamental aspects of high-resolution core-level photoemission and of its application to studies of pure and adsorbate covered metal surfaces. We first give a short description of the basic theory and then turn to a number of examples. The first group of examples is aimed at demonstrating the use of core-level binding energy shifts for deriving the surface and inte
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Urmia Lake is the largest habitat of Artemia Urmiana in the world located in an endorheic basin in northwest Iran. This shallow terminal lake has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO and a National Park under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. Currently, the entire lake’s watershed is threatened due to its abrupt desiccation of more than 50% of its surface area and the concomitant increase of
Background: Whether correction of anemia in patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease improves cardiovascular outcomes is not established. Methods: We randomly assigned 603 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 15.0 to 35.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m(sup 2) of body-surface area and mild-to-moderate anemia (hemoglobin level, 11.0 to 12.5 g per deciliter) to a target h
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between coping and health problems in the context of gender and level in the organization. Questionnaire data were collected from 279 women and men (100 managers and 179 non-managers) at a sales department in a Swedish telecom company in which men and women worked at similar tasks. It was hypothesized that, if gender and level in the organiz
We report here the characteristics of noncollinear sum frequency generation in nonlinear KDP crystals by ultrashort (80 fsec) IR pulses irradiated by the intense Ti:Sapphire laser and their behavior in single shot auto-crosscorrelator (ACC) configuration. In particular we study the case where one of the beams is very weak. Our aim is develop a procedure to provide delay time signal between light p
A method for calculating energy levels and wavefunctions of bound states associated with deep impurity centres in semiconductors is presented. The impurity system is replaced by a crystal, whose unit cell consists of the impurity surrounded by a large number of host crystal atoms. The impurity bands for this crystal, represented by a real potential, are calculated by expanding in orthogonalised Bl
Lake Poopo, within the large Altiplano basin of Bolivia, is connected upstream to Lake Titicaca and downstream to the salares, the big salt fields. Small changes in precipitation and river inflows strongly affect the extent of the lake surface area. For times when there are no satellite images, it is difficult to determine the extent of the lake from observations. Water balance computations were p
