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Aims: To determine the underlying cellular changes and clinical correlates associated with pathology of the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as hypothalamic atrophy occurs in the preclinical phase of the disease. Methods: The hypothalamus was pathologically examined in nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in comparison to eight healthy control subjects. The severity
Introduction: The use of pharmacokinetic assessment for optimal prophylactic dosing of factor concentrates in haemophilia has gained increasing enthusiasm over the last decade. However, blood sampling on several occasions is burdensome and limited sampling using population-based PK is appealing. Aim: To compare the pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations for prophylaxis using six-point single
All phase III trials evaluating medical treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI), performed to date, have failed. To facilitate future success there is a need for novel outcome metrics that can bridge pre-clinical studies to clinical proof of concept trials. Our objective was to assess diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and biofluid-based biomarkers as efficacy outcome metrics in a large animal stu
Objective: To study transitions from and to chronic widespread pain (CWP) over 7 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method: Two postal questionnaires were sent to patients included in the BARFOT (Better Anti-Rheumatic Pharmacotherapy) study, the first in 2010 and the second in 2017. The questionnaires assessed pain, number of tender and swollen joints, functional disability, health-
The effects of fuel properties on the performance and emissions of an engine running in partially premixed combustion mode were investigated using nine test fuels developed in the gasoline boiling point range. The fuels covered a broad range of ignition quality and fuel chemistry.The fuels were characterized by performing a load sweep between 1 and 12 bar gross IMEP at 1000 and 1300 rpm. A heavy d
Background: Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a neutrophil-derived protein advocated as a biomarker in sepsis. We evaluated plasma HBP as a predictor of post-injury sepsis in trauma patients. Methods: Ninety-seven trauma patients were studied during the first week of intensive care. Injury-related data were collected and clinical parameters registered daily. Plasma HBP was sampled on day 1, 3 and 5
The selection of control group is crucial, as the use of an inadequate group may strongly affect the results. In this study we examine the effect on contralateral tissue protein levels, in a model of unilateral UVB irradiation, as the contralateral side is commonly used as a control. Previous studies have shown that UVB irradiation increases immunoreactivity for inflammatory regulated neuropeptide
Gasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC) has shown potential in terms of high efficiency with low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot. Despite these benefits, emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are the main shortcomings of the concept. These are caused, among other things, by overlean zones near the injector tip and injector dribble. Previous diesel lo
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which arises from malfunctions in the intracellular insulin signaling network. Knowledge of the insulin signaling network is fragmented, and because of the complexity of this network, little consensus has emerged for the structure and importance of the different branches of the network. To help overcome this complexity, systems biology mathem
In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication atte
Although many efforts have been made to eliminate barriers in public transport worldwide, research shows that public transport is still often perceived as challenging, inconvenient, and inaccessible for many people with disabilities. A growing body of research points to several issues, relating to the spatial and temporal distribution of public transport, affordability, safety, and social barriers
BackgroundObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and two aetiological models have been proposed. According to the first model, maladaptive cognitive beliefs facilitate the transformation of transient intrusive thoughts into OCS. The second model suggests that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs develop in response to increased levels of OCS. Few studies have
Objective The investigation of complement factors in lupus nephritis (LN) in relation to treatment response and the impact of underlying genetics of C4. Methods Seventy-seven patients with active LN confirmed by a kidney biopsy and in whom second biopsies had been performed after immunosuppressive treatment were included. Complement factors C3, C4, C4d and C4d/C4 ratio were evaluated at the biopsy
Purpose: Collaborative professional development for inclusive teaching is a limited area of research, although there is an extensive need for special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) teachers. Research findings of how teachers’ professional development can contribute to support the development of powerful learning situations for all students are presented in this special issue. The aim is
Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is the most common congenital malformation of the upper digestive tract. This study represents the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify risk loci for EA/TEF. We used a European case-control sample comprising 764 EA/TEF patients and 5,778 controls and observed genome-wide significant associations at three loci.
Food systems are primary drivers of human and environmental health, but the understanding of their diverse and dynamic co-transformation remains limited. We use a data-driven approach to disentangle different development pathways of national food systems (i.e. ‘transformation archetypes’) based on historical, intertwined trends of food system structure (agricultural inputs and outputs and food tra
This chapter reviews polarization vision in diverse crustaceans with a specific focus on work completed since the 2014 edition of this book. Almost all crustaceans are sensitive to the planar polarization of light. They commonly possess two channels of orthogonally arranged photoreceptors with intrinsically polarization-sensitive ordered microvilli. These two channels are compared to impart linear
Family accommodation (FA) is widely-recognised as an important clinical phenomenon in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders, and is related to poorer treatment outcomes. However, FA has not been quantitatively explored in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns and correlates of maternal accommodation in adolescent BDD, and its asso
Aims: Among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the REDUCE-AMI trial did not demonstrate a benefit of beta-blocker vs. no beta-blocker treatment on all-cause mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. The aim of this pre-specified sub-study was to investigate effects of beta-blockers on self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depress
