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The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized several areas of biological research by making genome engineering easy, affordable, fast, accessible and scalable. One field that has not yet benefited from this technological advance is that of mitochondrial DNA research. Study I addresses the challenges associated with adapting CRISPR-Cas9 to the mitochondrial environment, and identifies

In Europe, willow (Salix spp.) trees have been used commercially since the 1980s at a large scale to produce renewable energy. While reducing fossil fuel needs, growing short rotation coppices (SRCs), such as poplar or willow, may have a high impact on local air quality as these species are known to produce high amounts of isoprene, which can lead to the production of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous blood disease which is characterized by different mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML

Inflammatory airway diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of severe illness, disability and death worldwide. Much of today´s hypotheses about the underlying inflammatory processes and pathogenic contribution by immune cells come from in vitro experiments or animal models. As a consequence, our knowledge of the actual immunopathological events in real patient tissues is

Pulchrol, a natural compound isolated from the roots of the vegetal specie Bourreria pulchra has been shown to possess potential antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosomatids, particularly against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes the Chagas disease; and moderately against Leishmania species, responsible for Leishmaniasis. In this investigation, several pulchrol analogues were prepared and assayed t

Aim: The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a flagship species for global freshwater ecosystems. As one of the most widely distributed Palearctic mammals, the otter used to inhabit most provinces in China. However, after decades of relentless hunting and habitat degradation, the Sanjiangyuan Region is now one of last strongholds for this species in China. Currently, there still remains an enormous kn

This chapter offers a reflection on the value of dialogue across media industries and academia in enhancing understanding of audience engagement and disengagement with media. The basis for this reflection is an industry-academic collaborative project between Lund University and Endemol Shine. The Media Experiences project conducted production and audience research on a range of drama and reality e

In the course of 2000s, the region of Campania in southern Italy and its capital city Naples became global icons of waste mismanagement after the images of piles of rubbish occluding their urban areas hit the headlines. Conventional explanations, in Italy and elsewhere, pointed to administrative failure, cultural backwardness and mafia infiltration as the main causes of waste mishandling. In the s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kollektiva substantiv definieras som substantiv som trots att de är singulara till formen betecknar en grupp av individer och som kan uppträda tillsammans med singulara och plurala verb och pronomina ('it'/'they'). Avhandlingen beskriver variation i kongruens vid kollektiva substantiv i amerikansk, brittisk och australiensisk engelska. Denna variation ses i exemplen nedThis thesis concerns agreement with collective nouns in American, British and Australian English. It is based on material from newspaper corpora and spoken corpora. The findings suggest that dialectal, stylistic, diachronic, syntactic and semantic factors interact in the selection of singular and plural agreement. It was shown that there are differences between regional varieties, between speech a

Hänsyn till biologisk mångfald viktigt vid skogsbränsleuttag Situationen för den biologiska mångfalden i skogen är allvarlig och att plocka ut skogsbränsle kan bidra till ytterligare försämringar. Hänsyn till biologisk mångfald vid skogsbränsleuttag är därför mycket viktig och det går faktiskt att anpassa skogsbränsleuttaget så att den negativa påverkan blir så liten som möjligt. Skogsbränsle ärThis study aims to investigate how the biodiversity in forests in southern Sweden is affected by extraction of forest fuel and to identify what can be done to preserve the biodiversity while extracting forest fuel. The study is performed on behalf of the energy company Kraftringen, which buys large amounts of forest fuel every year. Firstly, a literature study on how biodiversity in forests is af

För närvarande finns ett välutvecklat skatteavtalsnätverk med över 3000 tecknade avtal. Med detta följer också stora möjligheter till internationell skatteplanering. Treaty shopping är inget nytt fenomen inom internationell skatterätt men har aldrig varit lika kontroversiellt som nu. Treaty shopping innebär att en skattskyldig organiserar sina affärer i syfte att omfattas av ett visst skatteavtaThere is currently a well-developed tax treaty network with over 3000 concluded treaties. Accordingly, there are countless opportunities for international tax planning. The concept of treaty shopping is a fairly new phenomenon and it has never been as controversial as today. Treaty shopping implies that taxpayers arrange their affairs in order to be covered by a particular tax treaty. To be cove

I Sverige sker överprövning av valfrågor av en av riksdagen utsedd nämnd, Valprövningsnämnden. Valprövningsnämnden består av ordförande och sex ledamöter. Ordföranden ska vara eller ha varit ordinarie domare och får inte vara ledamot av riksdagen. För övriga ledamöter finns inga liknande kompetenskrav eller begränsningar. Samtliga Valprövningsnämnder har bestått av ledamöter med klar partipolitiskIn Sweden, a committee appointed by the Swedish parliament, the Election Review Board, handles the reviewing of electoral issues. The Election Review Board consists of a chairman and six members; the chairman shall be or have been a regular judge and may not be a member of parliament. For the other members there are no similar requirements or limitations. All Election Review Boards have consisted

Det fördjupade samarbetet inom EU har medfört en expansion av EU:s befogenheter. Som ett led i unionens ekonomiska integration har frågan uppstått om möjligheten för företagsgrupper att kunna utjämna resultat mellan olika medlemsstater. Gränsöverskridande förlustutjämningar av detta slag bygger på rätten till fri etablering för personer i medlemsstaterna och den närmare innebörden av rätten till fThe enhanced cooperation of the EU has resulted in an expansion of the union’s competences. As part of the economic integration of the union, the question has arisen as to the possibility of corporate groups to attain loss compensation for economic activity in different member states. Cross-border loss compensation of this kind stems from right of free establishment for persons in member states. T

The purpose of this study is to analyse and problematise established law on allocation of income between close companies and shareholders in light of HFD 2017 ref. 8 and HFD 2017 ref. 41. Analysed case law regarding business activities carried out by a private limited company show that it is possible to a large extent for shareholders of close companies to allocate income to their company with fi

Bakgrund Artros är en vanligt förekommande diagnos. Cirka var fjärde person över 45 år drabbas av artros. Forskning visar på att allsidig träning ger minskad smärta och bättre funktion i den drabbade leden. Därtill är det viktigt för patienten att få information om sjukdomen samt information om livsstilsfaktorer som påverkar sjukdomen. För att kostnadseffektivisera behandlingen för artrospatienter

Sverige har en lång tradition av offentlighet inom den offentliga sektorn och har ett starkt skydd för arbetstagare som rapporterar om missförhållanden. Den 23 april 2018 lade EU-kommissionen fram ett förslag till direktiv om att stärka skyddet för arbetstagare som rapporterar om missförhållanden, både inom den privata och den offentliga sektorn. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur det sSweden have a great tradition of openness within the public sector and have a strong protection regarding persons reporting on breaches from a organisation. On April 23 in 2018 the European Commission (EC) made a proposal for a directive regarding a stronger protection for workers reporting on breaches of the Union Law, both within the private and the public sector. The purpose of this essay is to

Förr användes en metod för att minska skatteeffekterna vid försäljning av näringsfastigheter. Metoden kallas för kattrumpan. Kattrumpan utgjorde det första steget i en transaktionskedja, där fastigheten paketerades i ett aktiebolag samägt med närstående. Överlåtelsen ansågs vara en gåva enligt huvudsaklighetsprincipen. Överlåtaren kunde då motta en ersättning skattefritt upp till en nivå som var p“Kattrumpan” was a tax effective method formerly used for selling commercial properties. “Kattrumpan” was the first transaction of several transactions. The property was packaged into a limited company owned by the transferor and its relatives. The transfer was considered a gift according to “huvudsaklighetsprincipen”. The transferor could receive a tax-free payment up to the taxable value of the

I domstolar avgörs per idag flertalet mål genom avtalstolkning. Hur avtals-tolkning rättsligen ska klassificeras har under längre tid varit föremål för diskussion i doktrin. Något enhetligt svar på hur avtalstolkning som verksamhet ska klassificeras finns emellertid inte än idag. Förevarande uppsats ämnar undersöka huruvida HD har en mer långtgående rätt att beakta tolkningsdata än vad HD har att This thesis examines whether the Supreme Court of Sweden ex officio has a right to consider interpretation data to a higher degree than the court has in terms of evidentiary facts. In an action amenable to out-of-court settlement, it is up to the parties to set the limits of the trial. This means that the parties decide which information the court has the right to base its decision on. Some except

Analys av vattenkvaliteten i floden Rocha belägen i Cochabamba, Bolivia Att det bruna vattnet i Rocha floden som rinner genom Cochabamba-dalen är förorenat råder det ingen tvekan om. Vattenbristen, befolkningsökningen och utsläpp av orenat avloppsvatten ökar föroreningen av den viktiga vattenresursen vilket begränsar användningsområdena och sätter befolkningens och omgivningens hälsa på spel. In this study, a physico-chemical analysis of the Rocha River was performed during the beginning of the rainy season 2018 in order to examine the current state of the water quality in the river at six different locations. The river, located in the Cochabamba department, Bolivia, was examined from upstream in Sacaba to downstream in Sipe Sipe. An additional aim was to determine social and environme