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The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determ
Patients with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer who will be treated with gonadotoxic therapies are at increased risk for infertility. Many patients and their families desire biological children but effective communication about treatment-related infertility risk and procedures for fertility preservation does not always happen. The PanCareLIFE Consortium and the International Late Effec
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and is a great disease burden. However, its underlying pathophysiology and aetiology remain poorly understood. Available evidence suggests that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with MDD, but it is still unknown whether miRNAs can predict subsequent incident MDD.METHODS: In this nested case-cont
Widowhood involves many practical challenges next to the emotional impact of bereavement. Remarriage to a blood relative of a deceased spouse can often help a bereaved spouse to solve issues related to inheritance, child care, and comfort in a stressful period. A study of 15,540 widowers and 18,837 widows in the Dutch province of Zeeland—of whom about 8,000 men and 5,000 women eventually remarried
Alexandra Kollontai was the Soviet ambassador to Sweden in the years1930 to 1945. In Sweden she gained many friends in the peace- and women’s movement and among these were several female physicians. This article describes and investigates the friendships between Swedish female physicians and Alexandra Kollontai. The three physicians focused on are Ada Nilsson (1872–1964), Andrea Andreen (1888–1972
X-ray scintillation detectors based on metal halide perovskites have shown excellent light yield, but they mostly target applications with spatial resolution at the tens of micrometers level. Here, we use a one-step solution method to grow arrays of 15-μm-long single-crystalline CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs) in an AAO (anodized aluminum oxide) membrane template, with nanowire diameters ranging from 30 t
We have previously demonstrated that we can grow p-type GaAs nanowires using Zn doping during gold catalyzed growth with aerotaxy. In this investigation, we show how to calculate the hole concentrations in such nanowires. We base the calculations on the Zhang–Northrup defect formation energy. Using density functional theory, we calculate the energy of the defect, a Zn atom on a Ga site, using a su
Crystal growth of semiconductor nanowires from a liquid droplet depends on the stability of this droplet's liquid-solid interface. Because of the assisting property of the droplet, growth will be hindered if the droplet is displaced onto the nanowire sidewalls. Using real-time observation of such growth by in situ transmission electron microscopy combined with theoretical analysis of the surface e
Silicide based compounds are widely used for coatings due to their high melting temperature, oxidation resistance and moderate density. Employment of binders based on silicides of transitional metals can provide cBN-based cutting tools with higher chemical stability and better performance. The relationship between phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of novel polycrystalline
Mammographic sensitivity in breasts with higher density has been questioned. Higher breast density is also linked to an increased risk for breast cancer. Even though digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) offers an attractive solution, for varied reasons it has not yet been widely adopted in screening. An alternative could be to boost the performance of standard mammography by using computer-aided det
Epilepsy is a complex disorder affecting the central nervous system and is characterised by spontaneously recurring seizures (SRSs). Epileptic patients undergo symptomatic pharmacolog-ical treatments, however, in 30% of cases, they are ineffective, mostly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Therefore, there is a need for developing novel treatment strategies. Transplantation of cells releasin
Background - Comorbidity between psychiatric disorders is extensive but, from a genetic perspective, still poorly understood. Modern molecular genetic approaches to this problem are limited by a reliance on case-control designs. Methods - In 5 828 760 individuals born in Sweden from 1932-1995 with a mean (s.d.) age at follow-up of 54.4 (18.1), we examined family genetic risk score (FGRS) profiles
While striving for more competitive products as well as reaching the Global Sustainable Development Goals, automotive powertrain manufacturers increase the demands on gears, which translates to decreased manufacturing error tolerances. Too tight tolerances may, however, counteract the goal if it leads to increased material and energy consumption due to unjustified scrapping. This paper presents a
The main objective was to develop a wipe sampling test to measure surface contamination of the most frequently used antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in Swedish healthcare and, furthermore, to develop an analysis method sensitive enough to assess low levels of contamination. Two wipe sampling tests with separate sample processing methods assessing (i) cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF), 5-fluorouraci
We experimentally investigate the properties of one-dimensional quantum rings that form near the surface of nanowire quantum dots. In agreement with theoretical predictions, we observe the appearance of forbidden gaps in the evolution of states in a magnetic field as the symmetry of a quantum ring is reduced. For a twofold symmetry, our experiments confirm that orbital states are grouped pairwise.
Background and ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that a predisposition to acquired genetic alterations is associated with ischemic stroke outcome by investigating the association between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) and outcome in a large international data set.MethodsWe used data from the genome-wide association study performed within the Genetics of Ischemic
We study using in situ transmission electron microscopy the birth of GaAs nanowires from liquid Au-Ga catalysts on amorphous substrates. Lattice-resolved observations of the starting stages of growth are reported here for the first time. It reveals how the initial nanostructure evolves into a nanowire growing in a zincblende 111 or the equivalent wurtzite0001 direction. This growth direction(s) is
