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Popular Abstract in English The main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the knowledge about mechanisms involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases in children. Immune markers in relation to genetic propensity in children with autoimmune disease, mainly T1D and a small group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and thyroiditis (THYR), as well as healthyThe main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the knowledge about mechanisms involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases in children. Immune markers in relation to genetic propensity in children with autoimmune disease, mainly T1D and a small group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and thyroiditis (THYR), as well as healthy controls have been studied.

The osteoclast is vital for establishment of normal hematopoiesis in the developing animal. However, its role for maintenance of hematopoiesis in adulthood is more controversial. To shed more light on this process, we transplanted hematopoietic stem cells from two osteopetrotic mouse models, with lack of osteoclasts or defective osteoclast function, to normal adult mice and examined the bone pheno

Gaucher disease type 1 (GD type 1) and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) are rare genetic disorders affecting the hematopoietic system and routinely treated by administration of drugs with variable clinical efficacy. Though effective in alleviating disease symptoms in large cohorts of patients, these treatment options have the major drawback of being non-curative. Currently, bone marrow transplantatio

Anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies are important contributors to development of thrombosis in patients with the autoimmune rheumatic disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The underlying mechanism of aPL antibody-mediated thrombosis is not fully understood but existing data suggest that platelets and the complement system are key components. Complement activation on platelets is seen in SLE p

Importance Active perinatal care increases survival of extremely preterm infants; however, improved survival might be associated with increased disability among survivors. Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm children at 2.5 years (corrected age). Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort of consecutive extremely preterm infants born be

Objectives To examine whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk later in life. Methods We examined 19 young adults (aged 2225 years) who were born at term after IUGR, along with 18 controls. All had been examined previously with fetal Doppler, and in the present follow-up with echocardiography, carotid echo-tracking ultrasound, applanation tono

The phase equilibria of the Au–In–Ga system were investigated for the first time using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A new ternary phase (Au2InGa2) with the hexagonal structure (P63/mmc) was discovered which melts incongruently at 394 °C. From the experimental results, several inva

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) of adult individuals and function to produce and regenerate the entire blood and immune system over the course of an individual's lifetime. Historically, HSCs are among the most thoroughly characterized tissue-specific stem cells. Despite this, the regulation of fate options, such as self-renewal and differentiation, has remained elusi

Maturation stage ameloblasts of rodents express vacuolar type-H-ATPase in the ruffled border of their plasma membrane in contact with forming dental enamel, similar to osteoclasts that resorb bone. It has been proposed that in ameloblasts this v-H-ATPase acts as proton pump to acidify the enamel space, required to complete enamel mineralization. To examine whether this v-H-ATPase in mouse amelobla

We examine how the earlier introduction of compulsory school grades affects the likelihood of receiving a mental disorder diagnosis among Swedish adolescents. We exploit a school reform that shifted the introduction of grades from grade 8 to grade 6, resulting in first exposure to grading at different ages between cohorts. Our results show that girls exposed to earlier grading are more likely to b

Particle exchange heat engines are a novel class of cyclic heat engines that are all-electrical, contain no moving parts and can therefore be scaled down to nanometer size. At the center of their operation is the manipulation of a particle flow between a hot and a cold reservoir through energy filtering mechanisms, where their efficiency depends primarily on the sharpness of the energy filter. In

Oxidative stress and alterations in redox signalling have been implicated in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI). NADPH oxidase (Nox) is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the infarcted myocardium. Alarmin S100A8/A9 amplifies acute myocardial inflammation in MI and has been shown to be a promising therapeutic target to improve cardiac function post-MI. We aimed t

Ordered arrays of nanocrystals, called supercrystals, have attracted significant attention owing to the collective quantum effects arising from the coupling between neighboring nanocrystals. In particular, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are widely used because of the combination of the optical properties and faceted cubic shape, which enables the formation of highly ordered supercrystals. The

Background: The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a global reference diet aimed at promoting both human health and environmental sustainability. While adherence to this dietary pattern has been associated with reduced risks of chronic disease and lower environmental impact, concerns remain about its ability to meet nutritional requirements - particularly among older adults. The aim was to explore

Background and aims: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a healthy dietary pattern to prevent diet-related diseases while promoting planetary sustainability, but little is known regarding its associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), both of which are highly prevalent and frequently co-exist. We aimed to assess association of this

The pathophysiology behind Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is not fully understood and associated factors and triggers for developing the condition are debated. We aimed to study such factors and long-term outcome in a descriptive cross-sectional study with a well-defined population with CRPS in the upper limb and related to sex and CRPS type. In retrospectively collected data from medical r

Accurate imputation is essential for the reliability and success of downstream tasks. Recently, diffusion models have attracted great attention in this field. However, these models neglect the latent distribution in a lower-dimensional space derived from the observed data, which limits the generative capacity of the diffusion model. Additionally, dealing with the original missing data without labe