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Recently, this international task force reported the general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test, a "direct" airway challenge test. Here, the task force provides an updated description of the pathophysiology and the methods to conduct indirect challenge tests. Because indirect challenge tests trigger airway narrowing through the act
Using a novel experimental approach based on near-infrared femtosecond absorption spectroscopy, we have determined the energy of the S-1 state of the carotenoid spheroidene. The energy of this state is 13 400 +/- 90 cm(-1) at both 293 and 186 K, showing that there is no temperature-induced shift of the S-1 level. A discrepancy of about 800 cm(-1) between the S-1 energy determined here and that obt
Popular Abstract in Swedish Melamisufism (melamet) fanns i olika delar av Osmanska riket. Den sista perioden, då melamirörelsen var särskilt märkbar, tar sin början i slutet av 1800-talet, och då med en koncentration i den europeiska delen av det osmanska riket (Rumeli). Detta hänger samman med att melamiordens huvudschejk Sejjid Muhammed Nur el-Arebi, bodde och var verksam där under denna tid. MeThis dissertation focuses on Melami history in Bosnia with emphasis on the 20th century. The well-known Melami master Hajrullah Abdurahmanovic (d. 1965) in this study becomes an exponent for changes in the political and social role of religion in course of the 20th century. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the theology of the Melami movement in the environments created by su
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has made it possible to study hadronic matter under unprecedented conditions in terms of temperature and energy density. Global variables are essential for the characterization of nuclear collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. The PHENIX experiment has several detectors which provide information about the global properties and hence the initial condit
Context The evidence that measurement of the common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) improves the risk scores in prediction of the absolute risk of cardiovascular events is inconsistent. Objective To determine whether common CIMT has added value in 10-year risk prediction of first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes, above that of the Framingham Risk Score. Data Sources Relevant studies we
In vivo gene transfer using viral vectors is an emerging therapy for neurodegenerative diseases with a clinical impact recently demonstrated in Parkinson's disease patients. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors, in particular, provide an excellent tool for long-term expression of therapeutic genes in the brain. Here we used the [C-11] raclopride [(S)-(-)-3,5-dichloro-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyr
Twenty-nine laboratories in 12 countries participated in a study to assess the performance of various human papillomavirus (HPV) detection assays through the use of a recombinant HPV DNA standard reagent panel. The panel was designed by a group of HPV experts, and samples were prepared and distributed by the World Health Organization International Laboratory for Standards and Biologicals in The Ne
The identification of novel, non-purine based inhibitors of xanthine oxidase is described. After a high-throughput screening campaign, an NMR based counterscreen was used to distinguish actives, which interact with XO in a reversible manner, from assay artefacts. This approach identified pyrimidone 1 as a reversible and competitive inhibitor with good lead-like properties. A hit to lead campaign g
Approximately 25% of eukaryotic proteins possessing homology to at least two trans membrane domains are predicted to be embedded in biological membranes. Nevertheless, this group of proteins is not usually well represented in proteome-wide experiments due to their refractory nature. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based comparison of membrane protein expression in cerebellar granu
A study of optical and transport properties of semiconductor quantum well structures subjected to nanoimprint lithography (NIL), with its pressure and temperature cycles, has been undertaken to ascertain if this lithography technique induces detrimental changes in these properties of the active layers over a range of pressures and temperatures, typically used in this printing process. Ga0.47In0.53
The essay's investigation of postmodern storytelling and transformative screenwriting, in relation to how Robert McKee's Story is reflected in Charlie Kaufman's Adaptation – in text and subtext, form and content – shows that the film's form is that of the classical archplot. It is only Adaptation's content, reflecting the dream of an art film/antiplot that is critical – while t
Sera from 25 metastatic breast cancer patients and 25 healthy controls were subjected to affinity chromatography using immobilized galectin-1. Serum from the healthy subjects contained on average 1.2 mg per ml (range 0.7-2.2) galectin-1 binding glycoproteins, whereas serum from the breast cancer patients contained on average 2.2 mg/ml (range 0.8-3.9), with a higher average for large primary tumour
The past two decades have brought worrying increases in severe Streptococcus pyogenes diseases globally. To investigate and compare the epidemiological patterns of these diseases within Europe, data on severe S. pyogenes infections were collected through an EU FP-5 funded programme (Strep-EURO). Prospective population-based surveillance of severe S. pyogenes infection diagnosed during 2003 and 200
Popular Abstract in Swedish Bomärken har använts som ägarbeteckning och signatur i Norden in på 1800-talet, och i vissa reliktområden intill nutid. Bomärkena återfinns t.ex. i mantalslängder, jordaböcker och bouppteckningar, men även inskurna på äldre redskap, husgeråd och annat lösöre. Bomärkena har av somliga forskare ansetts ha utformats slumpvis, enbart med syftet att kunna skilja en bomärkesThe pioneering academic research on Merchant Marks (also known as identity marks, personal marks, ownership marks, identification marks, Hausmarken, Hofmarken, Marques de Propriété, bomärken) was done by professor Homeyer (1870). Since 1870 there has been an ongoing debate among scholars whether Merchant Marks are simply formed by chance and coincidence, as stated by Rehnberg (1938, 1951), Scheffe
Recycling wood ash from burnt wood (back to the forest grounds) is of great ecological importance. However, the ash cannot be recycled directly after combustion. There are several reasons for this, one being the volatility of wood ashes. Mixing ash/dolomite/water in order to obtain granular material is one method to stabilize wood ashes. The main problem is predicting the quantity of water to be a
In the near future several astronomical observatories in Chile areplanning to use sodium laser guide stars to increase the sky coverageprovided by their adaptive optics facilities. Knowledge of themesospheric sodium layer behavior is crucial to predict the performanceof future laser guide star adaptive optics systems. Whereas the sodiumlayer has been observed quite extensively at several locations
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly diagnosed early, close to its first occurrence due to: (i) increased public awareness with self-screening; (ii) health care initiatives including population screening and opportunistic case finding; and (iii) increased use and surveillance of implantable cardiac devices. At its onset, AF is often low burden, and cardiovascular co-morbidities may be absent o
Background: The 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE-16) is a well-validated and widely-used measure of cognitive changes (CCs) among older adults. This study aimed to use Rasch methodology to establish psychometric properties of the IQCODE-16 and validate the existing ordinal-to-interval transformation algorithms across multiple large samples. Methods: A Par
BackgroundAmbulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring has long been used to monitor BP in hypertension and lately emerged as a useful tool to detect hypotensive susceptibility in reflex syncope. However, hemodynamic characteristics in reflex syncope have not been sufficiently explored. The present study investigated the differences between ambulatory BP monitoring profiles associated with reflex syn
