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All modern firms need access to capital markets at the lowest possible cost. Today's investors want to be able to increase or decrease their ownership rapidly, at low transaction costs and they demand return compensation for the trading costs they meet. This means that the price of the firm's security will reflect its share liquidity characteristics. Consequently liquidity-increasing financial inv
In this article, the concept of distribution channel re-engineering stands for a restructuring of distribution activities where the physical distribution and sales functions are organizationally separated from each other. The objective of the re-engineering process is primarily to reach dramatic improvements in operational efficiency. Our study indicates improvements in the distribution process in
Combined resistivity and time-domain direct current induced polarization (DCIP) measurements are traditionally carried out with a 50\% duty cycle current waveform, taking the resistivity measurements during the on-time and the IP measurements during the off-time. One drawback with this method is that only half of the acquisition time is available for resistivity and IP measurements, respectively.
Objectives. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease which, if untreated, may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Limited data exist regarding factors predicting the long-term outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate symptoms at presentation, prognostic features, management and treatment in relation to long-term outcome of AIH. Material and methods. A cohort of 473 Swedish
The Katian (Upper Ordovician) facies succession of the Siljan district, central Sweden, records some of the most prominent environmental changes in the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. These changes include two separate phases of major sea-level drawdown that were of basinwide and presumably global importance. The first regression and lowstand terminated an entire generation of carbonate mud mounds (th
Popular Abstract in Swedish Genom att använda marina sedimentkärnor från havbotten kan vi dyka ner i forna tiders hav och förstå hur klimat och havsmiljö har utvecklats över tid. Sedimenten och dess innehåll av olika mikrofossil utgör ett fantastiskt miljöarkiv och ju längre ner i sedimenten vi kommer desto äldre är de vanligtvis. I mitt doktorandprojekt har jag studerat marina sediment från kusteThere is a limited understanding of how the benthic environment within upwelling regions responded to past rapid climatic changes. Within this thesis, a multiproxy approach is applied to two marine sediment cores from two coastal upwelling sites in the low latitude subtropical Atlantic. With a focus on benthic foraminiferal faunal analyses, the response of the benthic environment to rapid climatic
Modelling the formation of super-km-sized planetesimals by gravitational collapse of regions overdense in small particles requires numerical algorithms capable of handling simultaneously hydrodynamics, particle dynamics and particle collisions. While the initial phases of radial contraction are dictated by drag forces and gravity, particle collisions become gradually more significant as filaments
Academic developers (ADs) often participate in the implementation of programs or reforms within higher education. Sometimes they agree with these and sometimes they disagree. This paper discusses possible agentic positions during an authentic policy implementation, i.e. the National Qualification Framework within a Norwegian university. Through reflexive interpretation, and by applying concepts f
Key stereoelectronic properties of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans [FeFe]-hydrogenase (DdH) were investigated by quantum mechanical description of its complete inorganic core, which includes a Fe6S6 active site (the H-cluster), as well as two ancillary Fe4S4 assemblies (the F and F' clusters). The partially oxidized, active-ready form of DdH is able to efficiently bind dihydrogen, thus starting H-2 ox
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master regulator of melanocyte development and an important oncogene in melanoma. MITF heterodimeric assembly with related basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors is highly restricted, and its binding profile to cognate DNA sequences is distinct. Here, we determined the crystal structure of MITF in its apo conformation
The effect of different process stages on microstructural and visual properties of dark chocolate was studied. Samples were obtained at each phase of the manufacture process: mixing, prerefining, refining, conching, and tempering. A laser light diffraction technique and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were used to study the particle size distribution (PSD) and to analyze modifica
The exothermic nature of oxidation causes nearly all semiconductor applications in various fields like electronics, medicine, photonics, and sensor technology to acquire an oxidized semiconductor surface part during the application manufacturing. The significance of understanding and controlling the atomic scale properties of oxidized semiconductor surfaces is expected to increase even further wit
High-resolution near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements at the As M-edge, F K-edge and S L-edge of the Fabre salt (TMTTF)(2)AsF6 were performed from room temperature (RT) to 90 K, allowing to reach the charge localization regime below T-rho approximate to 230 K and to cross the charge ordering (CO) transition at T-CO approximate to 102 K. The F K-edge and S L-edge spectra e
The European heavy metals in mosses survey provides data on the concentration of 10 heavy metals in naturally growing mosses. The survey has been repeated at five-yearly intervals and in this paper we report on the temporal trends in the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury between 1990 and 2000. Metal- and country-specific temporal trends were observed. In general, the concentration of lead
Multiple genetic variants have been reliably associated with obesity-related traits in Europeans, but little is known about their associations and interactions with lifestyle factors in South Asians.
Retrospective water quality assessment plays an essential role in identifying trends and causal associations between exposures and risks, thus it can be a guide for water resources management. We have developed empirical relationships between several time-varying social and economic factors of economic development, water quality variables such as nitrate-nitrogen, COD(Mn), BOD(5), and DO, in the J
Background: Dietary supplement use is increasing, but there are few comparable data on supplement intakes and how they affect the nutrition and health of European consumers. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplements in subsamples of the 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Specific questions on di
The European Myeloma Network has organized two workshops on fluorescence in situ hybridization in multiple myeloma. The first aimed to identify specific indications and consensus technical approaches of current practice. A second workshop followed a quality control exercise in which 21 laboratories analyzed diagnostic cases of purified plasma cells for recurrent abnormalities. The summary report w
