Filtyp
The extent to which genetic variations contribute to interindividual differences in weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery is unknown. Identifying genetic variants that impact surgery outcomes may contribute to clinical decision making. This review evaluates current evidence addressing the association of genetic variants with weight loss and changes in metabolic parameters afte
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are involved in immune system and inflammatory responses. We comprehensively assessed the host genetic and gut microbial contribution to a panel of eight serum and stool SCFAs in two cohorts (TwinsUK, n = 2507; ZOE PREDICT-1, n = 328), examined their postprandial changes and explored their links with chronic and acute inflammatory responses in healthy individuals and
Background: Adverse events induced by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) often lead to treatment discontinuation. The EAU-RF NIMBUS trial found a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations to be inferior with the standard regimen. Nonetheless, it remains important to evaluate whether patients in the reduced BCG treatmen
Background: Whether disease burden in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) predicts treatment outcomes is unknown. We assessed apalutamide treatment effect in TITAN patients with mCSPC by disease volume, metastasis number and timing of metastasis presentation. Methods: These protocol-defined and post hoc analyses of the phase III randomised TITAN study evaluated cl
Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut mi-crobiome composition, although mechanisms remain elu-sive. We searched for fecal metabolites, a readout of gut microbiome function, associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 142 individuals with IFG and 1,105 healthy individuals from the UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK). We used the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Aug
Genome-wide significant loci for metformin response in type 2 diabetes reported elsewhere have not been repli-cated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). To as-sess pharmacogenetic interactions in prediabetes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the DPP. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations with diabetes incidence in the metformin (MET; n = 876) and placebo (P
PIONEER is a European network of excellence for big data in prostate cancer consisting of 37 private and public stakeholders from 9 countries across Europe. Many progresses have been done in prostate cancer management, but unanswered questions in the field still exist, and big data could help to answer these questions. The PIONEER consortium conducted a two-round modified Delphi survey aiming at b
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, for a monolayer of transition metal dichalcogenide H-NbS2 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on graphene, we provide unambiguous evidence for a charge density wave (CDW) with a 3 × 3 superstructure, which is not present in bulk NbS2. Local spectroscopy displays a pronounced gap on the order of 20 meV at the Fermi level. Within the gap, low-energy
Purpose: A multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) biomarker was developed using clinical trial data from North American men with localized prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation, using biopsy digital pathology images and key clinical information (age, PSA, and T-stage) to generate prognostic scores. This study externally validates the biomarker in a prospective, real-world dataset of
CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is a growing global concern with serious complications, including kidney damage and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Monitoring albuminuria, which is associated with these complications, is crucial in optimal diabetes management. Gut microbiota composition has been suggested to impact albuminuria, but large studies with granular data are lacking.METHODS: We investig
This paper introduces a three-dimensional approach for analysing brokerage in social networks that has the potential to open new areas of research in Science and Technology Studies (STS). Brokerage is a fundamental concept in social network analysis, where it refers to situations in which actors bridge otherwise disconnected actors. Such brokerage can have both individual consequences and conseque
Correlated electron physics is intrinsically a multiscale problem, since high-energy electronic states screen the interactions between the correlated electrons close to the Fermi level, thereby reducing the magnitude of the interaction strength and dramatically shortening its range. Thus the handling of screening is an essential ingredient in the first-principles modeling of correlated electron sy
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The treatment landscape for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is evolving rapidly. Real-world data (RWD) are essential to understand actual treatment use and outcomes. This study aimed to describe treatment trajectories and clinical outcomes in a large, multicenter RWD cohort under the PIONEER project. METHODS: Eight European and US databases (2016-2020
BackgroundLong-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) given for at least 15 hours/day improves survival in patients with severe chronic hypoxemia. However, the recent REDOX trial showed that LTOT prescribed for 24 hours/day was not superior to 15 hours/day in terms of death, hospitalizations, or self-reported outcomes. We aimed to examine the cost effectiveness of prescribing LTOT for 24 versus 15 hours/day.M
The development of acid-stable, non-precious catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a critical challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). While Co3O4 shows promising OER activity, its rapid dissolution in acidic media severely limits practical application. Here, we design a self-adaptive protection strategy by depositing ZrN coatings on Co3O4 precursor
Second-order phase transitions appear as a divergence in one of the linear response functions. For a system of correlated electrons, the relevant divergent response can and does involve many-particle observables, most famously the double occupancy. Generally, evaluating the linear response function of many-particle observables requires a many-particle generalization of the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
In industries like high-tech and automotive, increasingly more of the product value delivered to the customer is based on a combination of hardware (HW) and software (SW), where SW handles much of the differentiation of capacity and features. The “logistics process” of SW, especially when it merges with HW along the process, has so far been little studied but a problem noticed is the difficulties
The interplay of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom presents an outstanding problem in condensed matter physics and chemistry. Computational challenges arise especially for large systems, long time scales, in nonequilibrium, or in systems with strong correlations. In this work, we show how downfolding approaches facilitate complexity reduction on the electronic side and thereby boost the si
Despite its simplicity and relevance for the description of electronic correlations in solids, the Hubbard model is seldom inarguably realized in real materials. Here, we show that monolayer Nb3Cl8 is an ideal candidate to be described within a single-orbital Hubbard model, constructed within a “molecular” rather than atomic basis set using ab initio constrained random phase approximation calculat
Extraction of vitamin D, including its hydroxylated and esterified metabolites, from soft tissues such as the liver is challenging due to the lipophilic character of matrix and analytes that are expected in very low concentration levels. In this study, we aimed at the optimization of two-step extraction using solid–liquid extraction as the first step, followed by solid-phase extraction. Various so
