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In polygynous passerines, males of some species provide food for their nestlings, but male incubation seems to be rare. In the European starling both the mating system and the extent to which males help with incubation vary. This enabled the relationship between mating system and male incubation to be investigated. The extent to which males provided care to a particular nest depended on mating sta

In altricial birds, growth rates and nestling morphology vary between broods. For natural selection to produce evolutionary change in these variables, there must exist heritable variation. Since nestling traits are not any longer present in parents, traditional offspring-parent regressions cannot estimate heritabilities of these. In this study, a partial cross-fostering experiment was performed, w

The extent to which male birds in polygynous species with biparental care assist in nestling feeding often varies considerably between nests of different mating status. Both how much polygynous males assist and how they divide their effort between nests may have a profound effect on the evolution of mating systems. In this study we investigated how males in the facultatively polygynous European st

This paper provides a systemic analysis of complex dynamic issues associated with resource use, scarcity and efficiency by applying systems thinking with respect to sustainability criteria. Casual loop diagramming methodology is adopted to create a conceptual model to better understand the interconnected patterns, cause effect relations and feedbacks between the three dynamic complex systems that

Popular Abstract in Swedish Som skydd mot infektioner och andra omgivningshot har högre organismer utvecklat olika försvarssystem, där det mest betydelsefulla brukar sammanfattas under begreppet immunsystem. I detta ingår olika typer av specialiserade celler med ursprung i kroppens blodbildande organ, benmärgen. Den av immunsystemets olika celltyper som är viktigast för att skydda mot bakterieinfeThe serine proteases cathepsin G, leukocyte elastase, proteinase 3, and the inactive protease homologue azurocidin, stored in the azurophil granules of neutrophils, belong to a hematopoietic serine protease superfamily with members in mature effector cells of bone marrow origin. Promonocytic U-937 cells were used for studying the biosynthesis of cathepsin G and leukocyte elastase by biosynthetic r

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Elements emitted to the atmosphere are partly exported to more remote areas and contribute to the regional and territorial deposition rates. This study is based on the principle that carpet-forming bryophytes (pleurocarpic mosses) absorb elements and particles from rain, melting snow and dry deposition. We compare the concentrations of 60 elements in carpets of the forest moss Pleurozium schreberi

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecular regulator of cellular metabolism, and its activity is induced by both metformin and thiazolidinedione antidiabetic medications. It has therefore been proposed both as a putative agent in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and as a valid target for therapeutic intervention. Thus, the genes that encode the various AMPK subunits are intriguin

OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained

Objective: The aim in this study was to assess the association between individual plasma carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin) and fruit and vegetable intakes recorded by a calibrated food questionnaire (FQ) and 24- h dietary recall records (24HDR) in nine different European countries with diverse populations and widely varying intakes

We have previously reported suggestive linkage to chromosome 5p13-q13 in type 1 diabetic families. ISL1, a transcription factor involved in pancreas development, maps to this region. Sequencing of the ISL1 gene in patients and control subjects identified seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one microsatellite in noncoding regions. Four haplotypes formed by six of these SNPs and one mic

Background: Impaction grafting in hip revision surgery is widely used but studies with mid- and long-term follow-up are scarce. Patients, methods and results A 5-year radiostereometric (RSA) follow-up of 15 hip revisions with the Exeter stem, morselized impacted allograft bone and cement revealed that 3 stems had not migrated between 2 and 5 years after revision, 11 stems had migrated to a minor

Background Earlier reports on reduced physical performance and osteoporosis-related fractures have mostly been short-term studies. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of fractures on physical functioning 3 years after trauma, the latter being stratified for pain. Participants and methods The study consisted of a population-based case-control study including 289 subjects from t

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) often have coronary artery disease. Both the aortic valve and the coronary disease influence the blood flow to the myocardium and its ability to respond to stress; leading to exertional symptoms. In this study, we aim to quantify the effect of severe AS on the coronary microcirculation and determine if this is influenced by any concomitant coro

Problem: Refugee entrepreneurship has recently garnered a growing academic and political interest around the world. The rate of scientific publication has soared in the last few years due to the scholarly urgency on the topic following the ‘global refugee crises’. Nevertheless, the research field is currently underdeveloped with existing knowledge dispersed across various and often disconnected di