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The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, was probably the largest event in a long series of megasummits on environmental protection and sustainable development. Roughly 44 000 participants descended on Rio de Janeiro to take part in ten days of preparatory committee meetings, informal consultations, side events, and the actual conference. Yet d
Surface ice in rivers and lakes buffers the thermal environment and provides overhead cover, protecting aquatic animals from terrestrial predators. We tested if surface ice influenced the behavior (swimming activity, aggressive encounters, and number of food items eaten) and stress level (coloration of eyes and body) of stream-living brown trout Salmo trutta at temperatures of 3-4 degrees C in ind
In this paper we determine the oxygen profile in a biofilm on suspended carriers in two ways: firstly by microelectrode measurements and secondly by a simple mathematical model. The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor is well-established for wastewater treatment where bacteria grow as a biofilm on the protective surfaces of suspended carriers. The flat shaped BiofilmChip P was developed to allow good condi
We present a model relating analysis of abstract and concrete word meaning in terms of semantic features and contextual frames within a general framework of neurocognitive information processing. The approach taken here assumes concrete noun meanings to be intimately related to sensory feature constellations. These features are processed by posterior sensory regions of the brain, e.g. the occipita
Knowledge of interrater reliability in the evaluation of perfusion computed tomography (CTP) studies is very limited even though the method is widely used in the workup of acute stroke. The aims of this study were to estimate the inter- and intraolbserver agreement in the evaluation of CTP data and to evaluate the feasibility of the method. The CTP data of 20 consecutive patients (50% were females
We compute the Hausdorff and Minkowski dimension of subsets of the symbolic space Sigma(m) ={0, ... , m-1}(N) that are invariant under multiplication by integers. The results apply to the sets {x is an element of Sigma(m): for all k, x(k)x(2k) ... x(nk) = 0}, where n >= 3. We prove that for such sets, the Hausdorff and Minkowski dimensions typically differ.
The influence of exciton-vibrational coupling on the optical and transport properties of molecular aggregates is an old problem that gained renewed interest in recent years. On the experimental side, various nonlinear spectroscopic techniques gave insight into the dynamics of systems as complex as photosynthetic antennae. Striking evidence was gathered that in these protein-pigment complexes quant
Abstract/Results. The paper discusses the results of three different studies. A study of 717 ninth grade students in eight schools located in different socio-economic environments show that students have a low degree of trust in dispute settlement forms available at school. When involved in conflicts or degrading treatment at school they avoid turning to the school for help. Students give themselv
The history of Danish geographers during the Second World War is almost synonymous with that of Gudmund Hatt (1884–1960), the Professor of Human Geography at Copenhagen University. Hatt was a key figure in the development of Danish geography and assumed the role of a public intellectual, particularly through his geopolitical analyses as they unfolded in a staggering number of radio speeches, newsp
Biological applications of ion beams have recently become a new important research field using single ion hit facilities to study individual living cells and their response to the hit of a counted number of ions. One motivation is the search for a better understanding of the fundamental processes taking place in cells and organs as a result of irradiation. Another comes from the increasing interes
Background: Nocturia, a common complaint in aging men and women, is frequently cited as the cause of nocturnal awakenings leading to sleep loss, daytime fatigue, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Objective: Investigate the association of nocturia with QOL and depressive symptoms among men and women. Design, setting, and participants: A population-based epidemiologic survey of urologic symptoms am
The structure of interest consists of a nanometer thin copper coating, resting on a stiffer substrate. The elastic and plastic properties of the coating are investigated for three crystallographic orientations and two coating thicknesses using nanoindentation simulated by molecular dynamics. The force-displacement curve, the atomic rearrangement, the stresses and the lattice disorder are monitored
Parasites exert important top-down control of their host populations. The host-parasite system formed by Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa) offers an opportunity to advance our knowledge of parasitism in planktonic communities. In this study, DNA extracted from 73 clonal strains of P. sinerae, from 10 different locations along the Atlantic and Mediterranean c
Background: An association between N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylation and bladder cancer has been consistently observed in epidemiologic studies. However, evidence has been mainly derived from case-control studies and was sparse from cohort studies. We evaluated the association between NAT2 slow acetylation and bladder cancer in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective In
BACKGROUND: The molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is complex and not fully understood. We have recently found that the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in the RCC tumors independently correlates with survival of the patients. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we have investigated the role of Axl and its ligand Gas6, the vitamin-K dependent protein product of the growth arrest-s
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed on a high-incidence Italian population followed by replications on low-incidence cohorts suggested a strong association of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 9q22.33, 2q35, 20q11.22-q12 and 14q24.3. Moreover, six additional susceptibility loci were associated with the disease only among Italians. The p
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a measure of the strength of the zonal wind across the North Atlantic Ocean, strongly influences weather conditions in NW Europe, e.g. temperature, precipitation and wind, especially during winter. It was hypothesised that elevated concentrations of nitrogen oxides in Gothenburg would be enhanced during negative NAO index (NAOI) conditions, representing more a
Popular Abstract in Swedish När vi äter socker frisätter kroppen hormonet insulin från specifika beta-celler i bukspottskörteln för att förmå muskelceller och fettceller att ta upp sockret från blodet och därmed återställa blodets sockerbalans. Vid övervikt blir dessa vävnader resistenta mot insulinets verkan vilket leder till att sockret stannar kvar i blodet. Detta vill kroppen undvika då en förThere are many contributing factors to the development of type 2 diabetes, however, failure of beta-cells to sufficiently secrete insulin is the key component. The underlying mechanism of beta-cell failure is not fully established. In this thesis, we examined the role of high glucagon levels, i.e. hyperglucagonemia, for the development of beta-cell dysfunction in pre-diabetic mice. We found that i
This study examines which factors on a systemic, domestic, and leadership level are determinants in deciding Sweden and Denmark's diverging relationship to the Common Foreign and Security Policy sector of the European Union. In the systemic level of analysis, a country's relative position in the global political system is studied. In the domestic scene, factors such as the governmental str
