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Targeted temperature management (TTM) of 32-34 °C has been the standard treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest since clinical trials in 2002 showed benefits to survival and neurological outcome. Recently, this treatment has been challenged by another clinical trial showing no difference in outcome between TTM of 33 °C and 36 °C. This protocol describes the methodology for a meta-analysis det
Frailty causes disability and restrictions on older people's ability to engage in leisure activities and for social participation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 1-year case management intervention for frail older people living at home in Sweden in terms of social participation and leisure activities. The study was a randomised controlled trial with repeated follow-up
Interventional cytology was first introduced in Sweden in the late 1940ies by Sixten Franzén at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Stockholm. In the early 1950ies, Nils Söderström started using the technique at the University Hospital in Lund. Cytology was successively established as common practice at the pathology departments in Sweden, and e.g. Solna and Lund today have a high rate of
Organizational anticipation involves the ability to foresee and analyze potential threats and disturbances as a means to minimize the likelihood of hazard occurrence and to reduce the potential impacts. Common methods include Risk and Vulnerability Assessments (RVAs) and contingency planning, where potentially harmful events are identified and analyzed, and where measures to prevent, respond to an
BACKGROUND: The Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA) is an international collaborative group set up to study anastomotic leak outcomes after oesophagectomy for cancer. This Delphi study aimed to prioritize future research areas of unmet clinical need in RCTs to reduce anastomotic leaks.METHODS: A modified Delphi process was overseen by the OGAA committee, national leads, and engaged clinicia
There can be situations, for example if gas containers have been damaged in a vehicle crash, when the fire and rescue service would like to depressurize the gas containers through shooting with a civilian rifle. Modern high-pressure hydrogen containers are designed for a working pressure of 700 bars. This means that they have a very thick and strong shell made of composite material. At the same ti
Recent years has seen a number of music researchers taking interest in the concept of affordances. Although interpretation of the concept varies, a common denominator is that affordances are opportunities for actions emerging between a subject and the environment. As such, it is an analytical perspective that highlights material and embodied dynamics of musical practice, dimensions central to musi
Background and purpose: Although the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose – positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) for breast cancer (BC) has been well studied, few studies have evaluated the impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on BC patient care. This study aimed to investigate restaging and 18F-FDG-PET/CT-induced changes in clinical decision-making in patients with BC. M
Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. If women at high risk for developing complications could be identified early, level of care could be triaged, limited resources could be correctly allocated and targeted interventions to prevent complications could be implemented. Methods: We updated a systematic review and meta-a
Background: Sedation is routinely administered to critically ill patients to alleviate anxiety, discomfort, and patient-ventilator asynchrony. However, it must be balanced against risks such as delirium and prolonged intensive care stays. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of sedation in critically ill adults. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis and trial seq
In this paper we consider the problem of constructing feedback control laws for a system of n agents that shall synchronize their attitudes in SO(3). We propose distributed controllers for two synchronization problems, in which the objective is the same, to synchronize the orientations, but what the agents can perceive or communicate differs. In the first problem the agents can measure their orien
Background: Voluntary self-exclusion from gambling is a common but underdeveloped harm reduction tool in the management of gambling problems or gambling disorders. Large-scale, multi-operator, and operator-independent self-exclusion services are needed. A recent nationwide multi-operator self-exclusion service in Sweden (Spelpaus), involving both land- and web-based gambling sites, is promising, b
This chapter proposes a novel ethnographic approach to global crime/criminology-an approach centered on the following four main points: (1) an attentiveness to how global dynamics afford criminal flows and transnational figurations; (2) a theoretical and methodological sensibility that moves beyond methodological nationalism; (3) a research design that follows criminal flows, rather than merely in
This study aims to explore how physicians make sense of and give meaning to their decision-making during obstetric emergencies. Childbirth is considered safe in the wealthiest parts of the world. However, variations in both intervention rates and delivery outcomes have been found between countries and between maternity units of the same country. Interventions can prevent neonatal and maternal morb
Background Tuberculosis is among the leading causes of death among infectious diseases. Regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as sub-Saharan Africa, are disproportionately burdened by stillbirth and other pregnancy complications. Active tuberculosis increases the risk of pregnancy complications, but the association between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and pregnancy outcomes i
Tumor cells pose a challenge to the adaptive immune system, and its key cell types, T and B cells, have frequently been associated with an improved prognosis. The success of immune checkpoint blockade has confirmed the relevance of T cells. However, the role of B cells is increasingly recognized, and highlighted in this review. Recent data suggest that tumors contain a diverse set of B cells refle
In all times, societies have known social hierarchies and boundaries between individuals and groups with distinct social characteristics. The extent to which such hierarchies and boundaries are consequential for life outcomes and persist over time differs between societies. These changes over generations in the social structure, and the social, economical, and institutional developments that shape
Family doctors and general practitioners (GPs) are the frontline in the management of fatty liver disease. With its high prevalence and strong association with other conditions commonly treated in primary care, the voice of family doctors and GPs has an important role in informing the discussion on the redefinition of fatty liver disease. Primary care uptake of any proposed name will be hampered i
The response of a tree trunk to a hammer blow, measured by sensors positioned around the excited cross section, consists of two kinds of transient mechanical waves: longitudinal P- and transverse S-waves. The aim of this paper is to extract the velocity of the S-waves, using a filtering structure that emphasizes the waves heading in one of the directions along the circumference. By this approach,
