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One of the major ways in which economic inequality can increase is when the development of wages of ordinary workers trail productivity and GDP growth, meaning that the increasing riches fall in the hand of other social groups (top employees, owners of land and capital). This paper investigates the relationship between wages and GDP in Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1800 to 1910, using wage serie

We characterized the functional properties of a novel set of human anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies originating from a human phage display library and identified an antibody that strongly activates cells via the CD40 receptor for potential use in HIV therapy. The anti-CD40 antibodies were converted from a single chain antibody fragment format (scFv) to an IgG format and produced in HEK293 cells, an

Nursing care for older people with cancer requires an understanding of their history and current needs from both an individual and generalized view. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of older people living with cancer and the way it affects their daily life. During the study, 41 individuals 75 years of age and older (mean age, 83 years) who had a cancer diagnosed within the p

BACKGROUND. Hypoxia induces increased tumor growth by promoting angiogenic and glycolytic pathways. Tumors expressing hypoxia-inducible factor-la (HIF-1 alpha), an important transcriptional activator of oxygen-regulated genes, are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The major challenge in prostate cancer therapy today is to gain a better understanding of the development of hormone-refracto

A multi-disciplinary study is being carried out on recharge to the Karoo sandstone aquifer in the western part of Zimbabwe, where recharge is controlled by the presence of a thick, confining basalt layer. The aquifer is geographically extensive, and has been identified throughout the southern part of the mid-Zambezi basin (Fig. 1). The potential for groundwater abstraction seems to be huge. The ke

Fetal death in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is unexplained and no reliable markers are available to identify at-risk women. We aimed to assess use of a fetoprotein and S100B concentrations in amniotic fluid as markers. We did a case-control study in 758 healthy women undergoing amniocentesis at mid-gestation, of whom 12 had a spontaneous intrauterine fetal death before 28 weeks, and 746 matched

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou

What is the role of deictic gestures in expressing affective valence, and can such gestures serve as an indicator of awareness in choice making? To examine this, we analyzed participants’ deictic gestures toward preferred and non-preferred picture alternatives in an experimental choice justification task. The task involved manipulation: in some trials, participants were presented with the rejected

The 1st of April 2018 an aviation tax was implemented in Sweden. With an event study approach this paper aims to provide an understanding of the outcome of the new policy. This by investigating if the tax causes significant effects on the stock returns of concerned flight carriers and whether the policy causes a significant change in the number of air passengers travelling from Sweden. By calculat

Svenska historieläroböcker innehåller en historiografisk kanon för det svenska samhället och detta speglar sig i alla länder, där historia didaktiskt förmedlas i utbildningssyfte. Utbildning är inte en neutral verksamhet utan en i grunden ideologiskt, politiskt och moraliskt påverkad verksamhet och historieämnet utgör en nyckelfaktor i alla tre av dessa aspekter av utbildningen. Detta är en föruts

Building on the case of three municipal currencies (in Brazil, Spain and Belgium), the policy brief argues municipal currencies can be considered transversal careinfrastructures because, depending on their design and governance, theyfacilitate the visualization and circulation of economic, social andenvironmental value in ways that directly address community needs, enhancesocial welfare, promote e

Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a vital model for studying human disease and invaluable to pre-clinical vaccine research, particularly for the study of broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Such studies require robust genetic resources for antibody-encoding genes within the immunoglobulin (IG) loci. The complexity of the IG loci has historically made them challenging to characterize accurately. To ad

Para athletes are at higher risk for sports-related injuries, illnesses and other health conditions when participating in sports. In fact, the unique demands placed on Para athletes, both in terms of the specific impairments they experience and the adaptive equipment they use, can lead to a distinctive set of challenges and risks in the context of sports-related health compared to nondisabled athl