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A grant back obligation refers to the obligation for a licensee to assign or license future developed improvements to a licensor. Grant back clauses affect on competition has been a controversial subject in economic and legal doctrine. The study answers if the changed approach in the European Union towards the separation of severable and non­severable improvements in relation to grant back clauses

Large companies in today’s business environment are to a great extent depending on their credit score by rating institutes like Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. There is however indications that these big institutes are not always rating companies accurately. This is why this thesis aims at developing a new credit rating model, CRITA-Score, with the objective of determining a company’s financial

In this paper we present an outline of a research project that will be carried out in 2019 – 2021. Below we give a short summary of the project. SummaryThe flood of #metoo witness narratives has demonstrated the pervasiveness of sexual abuse. Yet, #metoo has also made visible different understandings of justice. The campaign against sexual harassment and violence has brought to the fore tensions b

During the First World War Muslim soldiers from India made up a significant part of the British forces. Attempts to satisfy the soldiers' religious needs became a British strategy to maintain military discipline among the soldiers in Europe and to avoid public unease and discontent in colonial India. Based on archival material, this article examines how the British tried to identify the religious

Most catalytic, structural and regulatory functions of the cell are carried out by functional modules, typically complexes containing or consisting of proteins. The composition and abundance of these complexes and the quantitative distribution of specific proteins across different modules are therefore of major significance in basic and translational biology. However, detection and quantification

The UN Security Council's involvement in the area of international criminal justice raises concerns about judicial independence. Of primary concern in this study is the degree to which this political organ has come to determine and restrict jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals, with the effect of excluding cases involving alleged grave crimes by actors whose presence in situations of w

This paper provides an overview, insights, results and a classification related to development and analyses of case studies within the scientific networking project COST Action TU1402 on the value of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) information. With an outline of the framework and approaches, a procedure on how to quantify the value of SHM information on the basis of the Bayesian decision theor

This paper addresses the quantification of the value of structural health monitoring (SHM) before its implementation for structural systems on the basis of its Value of Information (VoI). The value of SHM is calculated utilizing the Bayesian pre-posterior decision analysis modelling the structural life cycle performance, the integrity management and the structural risks. The relevance and precisio

Regional roles of universities in the Global South have been under-explored, and it is not clear how relevant are concepts originating from the Global North when applied in this context. The paper interrogates the concept of the ‘entrepreneurial university’ and its regional impact and engagement via a case study in Brazil. It is found that, in addition to purely entrepreneurial and economic activi

This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of innovation policy in regional innovation system (RIS) development. It specifically focuses on the influence of policy on a set of enabling conditions for RIS that have not been taken fully into account in previous innovation policy studies. Drawing on relevant literature on innovation systems, such as innovation policy, triple helix and pol

We revisit and substantially extend the evidence on the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments. We first successfully replicate the estimate of a positive effect of weekly instruction time in the seminal paper by Lavy (Economic Journal, 125, F397-F424) in a narrow sense. We then extend the analysis to data from other international student assessments an

Neuroblastoma is a childhood solid tumour originating from undifferentiated neural progenitor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Drug resistance of childhood cancer neuroblastoma is a serious clinical problem. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel drugs that can inhibit the growth and survival of chemoresistant neuroblastoma. High-throughput screening identified a small molecule,

The growing interest in using population balance modeling to describe emulsification processes has spurred an interest in experimentally measuring the breakup frequency. This contribution classifies, compares, and critically reviews the different methods that have been suggested for measuring the breakup frequency, applicable to emulsification devices. Two major approaches can be seen in previous

In this work, the load disturbance rejection problem is studied. Specifically, the feedforward compensators are considered to reduce the effect of the disturbance in the process' performance. The authors propose simple tuning rules that can be easily applied to a wide range of processes improving the response against the disturbance. The improvement of the proposed method is measured through diffe

Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle is a common condition. There are no generally accepted criteria for diagnosis or treatment of diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle, which causes uncertainty for the patient and healthcare providers alike. Methods: The consensus document was created by a group of Swedish surgeons and based on a structured literature review and practical exper

This paper revisites the direct synthesis tuning method of continuous-time low-order controllers, and specially PID controllers, for control of time-delayed single-input single-output processes. A setpoint prefilter is included to improve the servo response and integrating load disturbances are accounted for. Robustness is addressed by the feedback controller to obtain the desired maximum sensitiv

This paper presents a closed-form quite handy formula for the local thermal resistance Rb between the temperature of the bulk heat-carrier fluid in the pipes, equally spaced on a concentric circle inside a circular energy pile, and the mean temperature at the periphery of the pile. The so-called multipole method is used to calculate the temperature field. An important improvement of the multipole