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Machine Learning (ML) applications shape, and are shaped by, human values. In the last decade classificatory models have become the most widely applied type of ML. However, since the invention of Generative Adverserial Networks (GANs) in 2014, the field of generative ML is likely to become equally prolific in the years to come. GANs can generate convincing fakes of video footage, pictures, graphic

Quantum field theories containing scalar fields with equal quantum numbers allow for a mixed kinetic term in the Lagrangian. It has been argued that this mixing must be taken into consideration when performing renormalization group (RG) analyses of such a theory. However, from the fact that scalar kinetic mixing does not correspond to a physical observable, we show that no extra parameters need to

We show how the effective action of the Extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (ENJL) can be defined in the presence of anomalies in a way that reproduces the flavour anomaly. This necessarily breaks Vector Meson Dominance (VMD) in the usual sense. The same method can be used to construct other chiral effective theories involving constituent quarks and spin-1 mesons that give the correct flavour anomal

We calculate the O(p6) corrections to the anomalous form factors appearing in π+, K+ → e+νγ, μ+νγ and K14 decays in chiral perturbation theory. The relevant dimension 6 terms of the lagrangian are evaluated assuming their saturation by the vector meson contribution.

We discuss the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model as a low energy expansion, all two-point functions and an example of a three-point function to all orders in momenta and quark masses. The model is treated at leading level in 1/Nc but otherwise exact. Some comments about the QCD flavour anomaly and Vector Meson Dominance in this class of models is made.

Ocean acidification triggered by Siberian Trap volcanism was a possible kill mechanism for the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction, but direct evidence for an acidification event is lacking. We present a high-resolution seawater pH record across this interval, using boron isotope data combined with a quantitative modeling approach. In the latest Permian, increased ocean alkalinity primed the E

Syftet med att granska den globala fördelningen och temporära förändringar av 7Be, 210Pb och 210Po i ytluften är att analysera och modellera de data som avslöjades under de svenska polarexpeditionerna med andra publicerade resultat.Förhållandet mellan luftkoncentrationer och avsättningar av 7Be, 210Pb och 210Po modellerades till tidsperioden för datainsamling, latitud, longitud och höjd över havet

In high energy pp scattering the inclusive cross section for minijet production is very large. Unitarity then implies a high probability for multiple interactions, and a large diffractive cross section. As the proton has a substructure in terms of parton cascades, the diffraction is not only elastic, but has a large component of diffractive excitation. The cascades can

We present a new parton-shower algorithm. Borrowing from the basic ideas of dipole cascades, the evolution variable is judiciously chosen as the transverse momentum in the soft limit. This leads to a very simple analytic structure of the evolution. A weighting algorithm is implemented that allows one to consistently treat potentially negative values of the splitting functions and the parton distri

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Family history of bladder cancer is a known risk factor for bladder cancer but new data have emerged on the influence of a family history of other tumours than bladder cancer. Recent data have shown that family history influences survival of bladder cancer. Gene identification has been successful particularly on low-risk genes influencing susceptibility and prognosis. RECENT FIN

In 1997, a German group demonstrated that the antigen of the biomarker EMA (endomysial antibodies) in coeliac disease is a calcium-dependent thiol enzyme, transglutaminase type 2 (TG2). This most important discovery opened up an exciting field of research aimed at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, a T-cell-driven autoimmune disorder with a prevalence of about 1%. The a