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Due to human-induced environmental changes, many natural populations are undergoing extensive fitness declines. Natural or sexual selection could potentially shift the phenotypic mean of critical traits towards new phenotypic optima, promoting evolutionary rescue. However, this process has rarely been studied in natural populations. Furthermore, the population fitness can also be increased by gene
Tourism is considered one of the main driving forces of economic growth. At the same time, micro and small businesses play a vital role in the development of the tourism sector as a supply side. Also, the development of entrepreneurial activity directly depends on internal and external financial resources. So, this qualitative case study investigates the access to external finance, concessional lo
This thesis focuses on algorithms and proofs of concepts in the area of wireless systems operating with a large number of antennas, especially at the base station side.The first studied topic concerns the design and implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testbeds, primarily for communications. This is an entirely new engineering challenge on its own, due to the unprecedent
In October 2016, the Special Interest Group on Theory of Characteristic Modes (TCM) initiated a coordinated effort to perform benchmarking work for characteristic mode (CM) analysis. The primary purpose is to help improve the reliability and capability of existing CM solvers and to provide the means for validating future tools. Significant progress has already been made in this joint activity. In
In this publication we have assembled eight case studies and a ”national report” on Sweden that we wrote during 2005 as part of work commissioned by the European Foundation in Dublin. The Foundation had in the 1990’s and in the first years of the 21st century as one of its objectives to investigate the situation for older and ageing workers in Europe, and to develop policy initiatives on the leve
At the same time as our dependence on IT systems increases, the number of reports of problems caused by failures of critical IT systems has also increased. Today, almost every societal system or service, e.g., water supply, power supply, transportation, depends on IT systems, and failures of these systems have serious and negative effects on society. In general, public organizations are responsibl
LSTM architectures (Hochreiter and Schmidhuber, 1997) have become standard to recognize named entities (NER) in text (Lample et al., 2016; Chiu and Nichols, 2016). Nonetheless, Zhang et al. (2015) recently proposed an approach based on fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) to translate variable-length contexts into fixed-length features. This encoding method can be used with feed-forward
PURPOSE: To compare the two major complications, namely postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula and urethral stricture, between the Mathieu and tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair methods for distal hypospadias.METHODS: In this meta-analysis, electronic databases were searched for comparative studies on the two techniques. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence was used
In situ hybridization was used to study expression of mRNAs for members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family in the rat brain after 2 and 10 min of forebrain ischemia and 1 and 30 min of insulin-induced hypoglycemic coma. Two hours after the ischemic insults, the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was markedly increased in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, and at 24 h
A search is conducted for the electroweak pair production of a chargino and a neutralino pp→χ1±χ20, where the chargino decays into the lightest neutralino and a W boson, χ1±→χ10W±, while the neutralino decays into the lightest neutralino and a Standard Model-like 125 GeV Higgs boson, χ20→χ10h. Fully hadronic, semileptonic, diphoton, and multilepton (electrons, muons) final states with missing tran
The optimal spectral efficiency and number of independent channels for MIMO antennas in isotropic multipath channels are investigated when bandwidth requirements are placed on the antenna. By posing the problem as a convex optimization problem restricted by the port Q-factor a semi-analytical expression is formed for its solution. The antennas are simulated by method of moments and the solution is
It has been suggested that sugar intake may play a role in the development of atherosclero-sis. However, studies on this matter are lacking. Intima media thickness (IMT) is a well-established measurement of subclinical atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between sugar intake (i.e., added, free and total sugar and sugar-rich foods and beverages) and IMT.
On 19 August 2015 the European Spallation Source (ESS) was approved by the European Commission as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). The purpose of the contribution is to answer the question about actual VAT treatment of transactions in which ESS is engaged and to make a conclusion whether the current rules contribute to the free movement of knowledge in Europe, also called a "f
Defensive coping (DefS), oxidative stress, inflammation, and related amino acids (phenylalanine [Phe] and tyrosine [Tyr]) have been implicated in cardiovascular disease. This study assessed whether inflammation, oxidative stress, changes in essential amino acids, and altered coping strategies are correlated with subclinical vascular changes in African (n = 82) and Caucasian (n = 100) men from the
Coreference resolution is the identification of phrases that refer to the same entity in a text. Current techniques to solve coreferences use machine-learning algorithms, which require large annotated data sets. Such annotated Resources are no tavailable for most languages today. In this paper, we describe a method for solving coreferences for Swedish and German using distant supervision that does
A search is presented for new resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the ℓ+ℓ−bb¯, ℓνbb¯, and νν¯bb¯ channels in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The search is conducted by looking for a localized excess in the WH/ZH invariant or transverse mass distribution. No significant excess is o
Industrial robots typically require very structured and predictable working environments, and explicit programming, in order to perform well. Therefore, expensive and time-consuming engineering work is a major obstruction when mediating tasks to robots. This thesis presents methods that decrease the amount of engineering work required for robot programming, and increase the ability of robots to ha
Background: High-throughput sequencing enables high-resolution genotyping of extremely duplicated genes.454 amplicon sequencing (454) has become the standard technique for genotyping the major histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) genes in non-model organisms. However, illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing (MiSeq), which offersa much higher read depth, is now superseding 454. The aim of this study was to q
