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In recent decades, the Barents Sea has warmed more than twice as fast as the rest of the Arctic in winter, but the exact causes behind this amplified warming remain unclear. In this study, we quantify the wintertime Barents Sea warming (BSW, for near-surface air temperature) with an average linear trend of 1.74 °C decade-1 and an interdecadal change around 2003 based on a surface energy budget ana

An approach to resilient planning and control of autonomous vehicles in multi-vehicle traffic scenarios is proposed. The proposed method is based on model predictive control (MPC), where alternative predictions of the surrounding traffic are determined automatically such that they are intentionally adversarial to the ego vehicle. This provides robustness against the inherent uncertainty in traffic

The MeerKAT radio telescope consists of 64 Gregorian-offset antennas located in the Karoo in the Northern Cape in South Africa. The antenna system consists of multiple subsystems working collaboratively to form a cohesive instrument capable of operating in multiple modes for defined science cases. We focus on the channelizing subsystem (F-engine), the correlation subsystem (X-engine), and the beam

This chapter focuses on the Arctic since ocean-land interactions are more important for the Arctic than the Antarctic carbon cycle. It explores the complexity of connections between the ocean and land of the North Pole region, and possible impacts on greenhouse gas exchange and lateral carbon flows thereof. Ocean-land interactions in the Arctic integrate the terrestrial and marine environments. Th

This chapter describes the Back to the Future (BTF) approach with illustrations of different data sets and their conclusions and stimulates the growth of such studies. The BTF Project included several studies that "discovered" old data sets, digitized them, carried out analyses and made data and analyses available in publications. An important aspect of the BTF approach is that the evidence of cha

In this paper, we address mixed-criticality applications characterized by their safety criticality and time-dependent performance, which are virtualized on a Fog Computing Platform (FCP). The FCP is implemented as a set of interconnected multicore computing nodes, and brings computation and communication closer to the edge of the network, where the machines are located in industrial applications.

This paper investigates potential factors that control the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Spring Persistence Barrier (SPB) strength in two different ENSO regimes and apply it to explain the ENSO SPB strength modulation after the 21st century. In a damped, noise-driven model, the theoretical solution of SPB strength illustrates that a weaker ENSO growth rate strengthens SPB. In the self-sustai

A hybrid combining T-matrix method and electric field integral equation is used to formulate fundamental bounds on radiation efficiency of an implanted antenna. Resulting quadratic optimization problem is solved using a dual formulation. The results present the versatility of the described computational scheme and show the optimal current densities that are the least impaired by dissipation in the

An algebraic link between transition matrix and impedance matrix is utilized in this work to unify characteristic mode decomposition originally proposed by Garbacz with a framework proposed later on by Harrington and Mautz. The resulting formulation is unique to all method of moments formulations, valid for all linear and lossless materials, and has many favorable properties. The unified prescript

Algal blooms constitute an emerging threat to global inland water quality, yet their spatial and temporal distribution at the global scale remains largely unknown. Here we establish a global bloom database, using 2.91 million Landsat satellite images from 1982 to 2019 to characterize algal blooms in 248,243 freshwater lakes, representing 57.1% of the global lake area. We show that 21,878 lakes (8.

Cloud computing has emerged as a key technology in the latest decade and continues to be applied to manage the computing needs of new domains. As a result, the requirements on predictable behavior in the cloud increase, thus the hosted applications need to be recognized as both fault-tolerant and responsive even under difficult conditions.In this thesis, new modeling methods and decision-making st

Utilities, such as steam and cooling water, are often shared between several production areas at industrial sites, and the effects of disturbances in utilities could thus be hard to predict. In addition, production areas could be connected because of the product flow at the site. This paper introduces a simple modeling approach for modeling the relation between utility operation and production. Us

Context: The authors wanted to assess whether the quality of published human-centric software engineering experiments was improving. This required a reliable means of assessing the quality of such experiments. Aims: The aims of the study were to confirm the usability of a quality evaluation checklist, determine how many reviewers were needed per paper that reports an experiment, and specify an ap

To remain competitive in the field of manufacturing today, companies must constantly improve the automation loops within their production plants. This can be done by augmenting the automation applications with "smart services" such as supervisory-control applications or machine-learning inference algorithms. The downside is that these smart services are often hosted in a cloud infrastructure and t

We perform a land-surface model intercomparison to investigate how the simulation of permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) varies among six modern stand-alone land-surface models (CLM4.5, CoLM, ISBA, JULES, LPJ-GUESS, UVic). We also examine the variability in simulated permafrost area and distribution introduced by five different methods of diagnosing permafrost (from modeled monthly ground

ExtendJ (formerly JastAddJ) is an extensible Java compiler, supporting full Java source-to-bytecode compilation. ExtendJ enables researchers and developers to easily build powerful language extensions, custom static analyses, and other tools for Java. ExtendJ is built with Reference Attribute Grammars and Aspect Oriented Programming, enabling easy extension development.