Sökresultat

This package facilitates working with probability distributions by means of Monte-Carlo methods, in a way that allows for propagation of probability distributions through functions. This is useful for, e.g., nonlinear uncertainty propagation. A variable or parameter might be associated with uncertainty if it is measured or otherwise estimated from data. We provide two core types to represent proba

We consider the problem of feasible coordination control for multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous mobile vehicles subject to various constraints (nonholonomic motion constraints, holonomic coordination constraints, equality/inequality constraints etc). We develop a general framework involving differential-algebraic equations and viability theory to describe and determine coordination feasibility

Future internet-of-things systems need to be able to combine heterogeneous services and support weak connectivity. In this paper, we introduce ComPOS, a new domain-specific language for composing services in IoT systems. We show how Maria, a bird watcher, can use ComPOS to build a system that allows her to spy on birds in the garden while she is not at home. We demonstrate how ComPOS handles the u

Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C, share a common production signal, with their formation in the Earth's upper atmosphere modulated by changes to the geomagnetic field, as well as variations in the intensity of the solar wind. Here, we use this common production signal to compare between the radiocarbon (IntCal)and Greenland ice-core (GICC05)timescales, utilising the most pronounced c

In this paper we address Industrial IoT control applications which are safety-critical and real-time, and which have very low latency and jitter requirements. These control applications are virtualized as software tasks running on a Fog Computing Platform that brings computing and deterministic communication closer to the edge of the network, where the industrial "things" are located. Due to the d

Modern control algorithms are frequently implemented in a distributed and decentralized way. Multiple fog devices communicate using paradigms borrowed from the Internet-of-Things. These control infrastructures are vulnerable to security threats. This position paper describes these threats and sketches future research on how to mitigate the security concerns that a modern distributed control infras

The breakup of the L-chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt 466 million years (Ma) ago still delivers almost a third of all meteorites falling on Earth. Our new extraterrestrial chromite and 3He data for Ordovician sediments show that the breakup took place just at the onset of a major, eustatic sea level fall previously attributed to an Ordovician ice age. Shortly after the breakup, the flux

Between 15 and 27kyrb2k (thousands of years before 2000CE) during the last glacial, Greenland experienced a prolonged cold stadial phase, interrupted by two short-lived warm interstadials. Greenland ice-core calcium data show two periods, preceding the interstadials, of anomalously high atmospheric dust loading, the origin of which is not well understood. At approximately the same time as the Gree

Explosive volcanic eruptions can reach the stratosphere and cause elevated concentrations of sulphate particles for months to years. When these particles descend into the troposphere, they can impact cirrus clouds though to what degree is unknown. In this study, we combine three satellite data sets to investigate the impact of downwelling sulphate aerosol on midlatitude cirrus clouds during spring

Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains larg

Smoke from western North American wildfires reached the stratosphere in large amounts in August 2017. Limb-oriented satellite-based sensors are commonly used for studies of wildfire aerosol injected into the stratosphere (OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler) and SAGE III/ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station)). We find that these m

The Sun sporadically produces eruptive events leading to intense fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that dramatically disrupt the near-Earth radiation environment. Such events have been directly studied for the last decades but little is known about the occurrence and magnitude of rare, extreme SEP events. Presently, a few events that produced measurable signals in cosmogenic radionuclides

Atmospheric mineral dust not only interacts with the climate system by scattering incoming solar radiation and affecting atmospheric photochemistry, but also contributes critical nutrients to marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In a high-resolution analysis of paleodust deposition, peat development and soil dust sources, we assess the interplay between dust deposition and bog development of the Dav

Ice-core timescales are vital for the understanding of past climate; hence they should be updated whenever significant amounts of new data become available. Here, the Greenland ice-core chronology GICC05 was revised for the last 3835 years by synchronizing six deep ice cores and three shallow ice cores from the central Greenland ice sheet. A new method was applied by combining automated counting o

• The Arctic is continuing to warm faster than any other region on Earth, but key uncertainties remain in our knowledge of the Arctic carbon cycle. • We review the most current knowledge pertaining to estimates of arctic greenhouse gas components and discuss uncertainties associated with these measurements and models. • While the Arctic Ocean is consistently estimated as a carbon sink, we have yet

Background: Spirometry reference values differ by race/ethnicity, which is controversial. We evaluated the effect of race-specific references on prevalence of lung function impairment and its relation to breathlessness and mortality in the US population. Methods: Population-based analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Race/ethnicity was analyzed as bla

Understanding atmospheric response to radiative forcing, including the intensity and distribution of wind patterns is critical as this might have important implications in the coming decades. Long-term episodes of reduced solar activity (i.e. Grand Solar Minima, GSM) have triggered rapid climate change in the past, recorded in proxy-based records, including varved sediments from Meerfelder Maar, G

In this paper we study two major challenges in few-shot bioacoustic event detection: variable event lengths and false-positives. We use prototypical networks where the embedding function is trained using a multi-label sound event detection model instead of using episodic training as the proxy task on the provided training dataset. This is motivated by polyphonic sound events being present in the b

Lateglacial and Holocene summer sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the northern North Atlantic was reconstructed based on diatom records from two sediment cores from the North Icelandic shelf. The temperature changes are discussed in relation to palaeoceanographic circulation patterns and past climatic changes. Modern diatom data from surface sediments from around Iceland and Southeast a

Major atmospheric oxidants (OH,O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trends of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the S