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Existing accounts of leadership are underpinned by two dominant approaches: functionalist studies, which have tried to identify correlations between variables associated with leadership; and interpretive studies, which have tried to trace out the meaning-making process associated with leadership. Eschewing these approaches, we turn to an emerging strand of literature that develops a critical appro
Precise geochronology, combined with paleomagnetism on mafic intrusions, provides first-order information for paleoreconstruction of crustal blocks, revealing the history of supercontinental formation and break-up. These techniques are used here to further constrain the apparent polar wander path of the Kaapvaal Craton across the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic boundary. U-Pb baddeleyite ages of 2441
We show that, if a groupoid graded ring has a grading satisfying a certain nondegeneracy property, then the commutant of the center of the principal component of the ring has the ideal intersection property, that is it intersects nontrivially every nonzero ideal of the ring. Furthermore, we show that for skew groupoid algebras with commutative principal component, the principal component is maxima
CO2 fluxes for the Netherlands and surroundings are estimated for the year 2008, from concentration measurements at four towers, using an inverse model. The results are compared to direct CO2 flux measurements by aircraft, for 6 flight tracks over the Netherlands, flown multiple times in each season. We applied the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Modeling system (RAMS) coupled to a simple carbon fl
The 7Be fragments produced in one-proton removal from relativistic 8B nuclei of 936 MeV/nucleon in a carbon target have been detected in coincidence with γ rays emitted by these fragments at the reaction target. It is found that 13 ± 3% of the 7Be fragments are released in the 429 keV excited state, 7Be*, which gives direct experimental information on the ground state configuration of 8B. The long
The refugee crisis is also a crisis in education. While attention is frequently directed toward primary and secondary school levels, higher education is a strategic issue for refugees, both as individuals and for long term processes of post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding. Education prospects and content are drivers of onwards migration, but also affect economic structures on return. Higher ed
This paper introduces means for fatigue damage rates estimation using Laplace distributed multiaxial loads. The model is suitable for description of stresses containing transients of random amplitudes and locations. Explicit formulas for computing the expected value of rainflow damage index as a function of excess kurtosis are given for correlated loads. A Laplace model is used to describe variabi
In heterogeneous catalysis the reactions occur on the surface of a catalyst. To understand the reaction pathways, a detailed understanding on an atomic level is critical. However, the gas atmosphere surrounding the surface dictates the interaction between the surface and the gas. At low pressures this is often neglected, but as the community turns to higher pressures it becomes important to consid
The end-Ordovician extinction consisted of two discrete pulses, both linked, in various ways, to glaciation at the South Pole. The first phase, starting just below the Normalograptus extraordinarius Zone, particularly affected nektonic and planktonic species, while the second pulse, associated with the Normalograptus persculptus Zone, was less selective. Glacially induced cooling and oxygenation a
Most organisms that ever lived on Earth lacked skeletons and have therefore escaped preservation in the geological record. This fact makes it hard to accurately trace the evolution of multicellular organisms and the tree of life. However a handful faunas did get exceptionally well-preserved, including their soft-bodied members, just when complex lifeforms diverged 550 million years ago. Geochemica
Two mathematical models of human thermal regulation include the rational Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) and the thermophysiological model by Fiala. The approaches of the models are different, however, they both aim at providing predictions of the thermophysiological responses to thermal environments of an average person. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze predictions of the two models a
Purpose: To assess performance of a biomarker-based score that predicts the five-year risk of diabetes (Diabetes Risk Score, DRS) in an independent cohort that included 15-year follow-up. Method: DRS was developed on the Inter99 cohort, and validated on the Botnia cohort. Performance was benchmarked against other risk-assessment tools comparing calibration, time to event analysis, and net reclassi
This paper is concerned with the numerical computation of the Titchmarsh-Weyl M matrix. We show how an algorithm may be developed which relates solutions of an initial-value problem to an approximation of the M matrix. In some special cases we compare the results from our algorithm with results obtained using special functions.
Indications of what the tour-operating sector considers to be 'good practice' can be drawn from voluntary initiatives such as existing eco-labels and codes of conduct. However, practical implementation of such guidance varies greatly from one tour operator to another, depending on different types of factors, such as size, financial capacity, corporate structure, operational location, organizationa
With laser iridotomy it may often be difficult to achieve total penetration of the iris, particularly in very light or very dark irides. It may be impossible to determine with the slit-lamp whether a small laser iridotomy is functionally penetrating. We describe a straightforward method to test iridotomies for aqueous flow patency. Transcorneally introduced fluorescein is used to delineate any aqu
